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1. Increased body size and robustness, changes in limb proportions, and greater

ID: 297603 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Increased body size and robustness, changes in limb proportions, and greater encephalization indicate H. erectus hominins were ________ modern humans in their adaptive pattern than their African ancestors were.

              a.           more like

              b.           the opposite of

              c.           vastly different from

              d.           less like

             

2. Homo erectus populations lived in very different environments but they shared several common ________.

              a.           environmental adaptations

              b.           foraging behaviors

              c.           physical traits

              d.           subsistence practices

             

3. The fossil remains discovered at Zhoukoudian are the ________ collection of H. erectus material found anywhere.

              a.           largest

              b.           most diagnostic

              c.           smallest

              d.           least diagnostic

             

4. The assumption that the first definite evidence of hominin fire-use comes from Zhoukoudian has recently been ________ due to re-investigation.

              a.           confirmed

              b.           validated

              c.           radically altered

              d.           supported with artifactual evidence

             

5. A separate species status has been suggested to distinguish African from Asian samples, with ________ being used for African remains and H. erectus being reserved solely for Asian material.

              a.           H. afro-asia

              b.           H. africanus

              c.           H. asiatic

              d.           H. ergaster

             

6. More fossils mean more variation, so it should not be surprising that interpretation regarding proper taxonomic assessment of remains is ________.

              a.           prone to increased mistakes

              b.           rejected by opposing views

              c.           debated

              d.           dismissed through comparative analysis

             

7. The temporal span of H. erectus includes two different stone tool industries, ________.

              a.           Dmanisi and Java

              b.           Oldowan and Acheulian

              c.           Sima del Elefante and Gran Dolina

              d.           hard and soft

             

8. Evidence of butchering is widespread at H. erectus sites, but many studies suggest hominins were ________.

              a.           using stone tools to hunt for meat

              b.           hunting large animals

              c.           not successful in acquiring meat

              d.           scavenging meat from animals killed by carnivores

             

9. Some of the earliest emigrants from Africa, like those found at the European site of ________, don't show the entire suite of H. erectus physical and behavioral traits.

              a.           Dmanisi

              b.           Atapuerca

              c.           Sima del Elefante

              d.           Ceprano

             

10. It was ________ who transformed hominin evolution to human evolution.

              a.           H. ergaster

              b.           H. erectus

              c.           modern humans

              d.           H. sapiens

11. Premodern humans were a diverse group dispersed over three ________.

              a.           classifications

              b.           million years

              c.           glacial periods

              d.           continents

             

12. The general similarities in African premodern fossils indicate ________, almost certainly representing a single species.

              a.           long habitation in the region

              b.           a close relationship

              c.           distant origins

              d.           divergent evolution

             

13. Middle Pleistocene hominins from Africa and Europe are usually referred to as ________.

              a.           isolated samples

              b.           H. erectus

              c.           direct lineal ascendants

              d.           H. heidelbergensis

             

14. Compared with anatomically modern humans, the Neandertal ________ projects almost as if it were pulled forward.

              a.           spine

              b.           torso

              c.           pelvis

              d.           face

             

15. The Moula-Guercy Neandertals provide the best-documented evidence thus far of Neandertal ________.

              a.           distribution patterns

              b.           hunting practices

              c.           communal living

              d.           cannibalism

             

16. The first ever Neanderthal hyoid bone is especially important because it suggests Neanderthals did not differ from modern H. sapiens in ________ capability.

              a.           language

              b.           complex reasoning

              c.           neck rotation

              d.           ocular range

             

17. Neanderthals advanced their ________ well beyond that of earlier hominins and left evidence they were successful hunters.

              a.           technology

              b.           language

              c.           culture

              d.           range

             

18. Many researchers are convinced that Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens had some significant ________ advantages over Neanderthals and other premodern humans.

              a.           behavioral

              b.           body weight

              c.           climactic

              d.           cranial capacity

             

19. Neanderthals and modern humans ________ in some parts of Europe for up to 15,000 years, so Neanderthals didn't disappear suddenly.

              a.           interbred

              b.           fought with each other

              c.           coexisted

              d.           occupied the same sites

             

20. Anthropologists have known for some time that Neanderthals deliberately ________ their dead.

              a.           consumed

              b.           burned

              c.           buried

              d.           abandoned

21. The ________ is based on the origin of modern humans in Africa and later replacement of populations in Europe and Asia.

              a.           regional continuity model

              b.           partial replacement model

              c.           displacement theory model

              d.           complete replacement model

             

22. Supporters of ________ claim that some interbreeding occurred between emigrating Africans and resident premodern populations elsewhere.

              a.           regional continuity models

              b.           complete replacement models

              c.           partial replacement models

              d.           displacement theory models

             

23. The Herto fossils have been placed in the newly defined subspecies: ________.

              a.           H. neanderthalensis

              b.           H. sapiens idaltu

              c.           H. sapiens herto

              d.           H. sapiens sapiens

             

24. The predecessors of the tiny hominins called ________, found on the island of Flores were probably H. erectus populations like those found on Java.

              a.           H. floresiensis

              b.           H. erectus minis

              c.           H. sapiens hobbit

              d.           H. sapiens erectus

             

25. Upper Paleolithic cultures are usually divided into five different industries, based on ________.

              a.           stone tool technologies

              b.           environmental adaptation

              c.           burial practices

              d.           geographic distribution

Explanation / Answer

1) a- more like

2)c- physical traits

3) a- largest

4)d-supported by artefactual evidence.

5)d- H .register

6)d- dismissed through competitive analysis.

7)b-oldowan and Acheulian.

8)a- used stone tools to hunt for meat.

9)a-Dmanisi

10) b- H. erectus

11)d- continents.

12)a-long habitation in the region.

13)b-H.erectus

14) d- face

15)d- cannibalism

16)

17) d- range

18)d- cranial capacity

19)c-coexisted

20)c-buried

21) a- regional continuity model

22)c-partial replacement model.

23)b-H.sapiens idaltu

24) a-H.floresiensis

25)a-stone tool technologies