Is based on the content from Chapters 3 & 6 in the textbook Introduction to Epid

Question

Is based on the content from Chapters 3 & 6 in the textbook Introduction to Epidemiology, Sixth Edition, by Ray M. Merrill, Jones and Bartlett Learning, 2014.Pages 374-396. For Seventh Edition, by Ray M. Merrill – pages 275-291. 1. Figure 3-7 (p. 80) shows activity limitation according to one or more chronic health conditions among children in the United States, 2004-2005. Describe how activity limitation is associated with age and chronic condition in children. What health related initiatives or practical measures should be taken? 2. Figure 3-8 (p. 81) shows activity limitation to one or more chronic health conditions among adults in the United States, 2004-2005. Describe the influence of mental illness and heart disease on activity limitation according to the age group in adults. What health related initiatives or practical measures should be taken?

Explanation / Answer

1 a) Activity limitations associated with age are due to age related physiological changes and their living environment and also the amount of activity they have been doing on daily basis. Physical activity makes people feel better and stronger, it again depends on the intensity of the activity they have been doing. Moderate to efficient activity will help people stay stronger and independent in later stages of life. Physical activity also maintains good brain function or better cognitive functions.

when there is no enough activity, people habitually tend to rest more and work less which physically and psychologically makes them dependent in old age.This generally happens with retired people who won't perform enough physicial activities to stay fit. They should also be enouraged to take fresh fruits and vegetables which meet thier body requirements and help them stay healthy.

1 b) Activity limitation associated with chronic condition in children: Physical inactivity is the major cause of obesity in children which further leads to many health complications like hypertension,asthma, non alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance development, sleep apnea.

Causes include: sedentary life style, physical inactivity, eating unhealthy food and may be genetics. In rare conditions it can be due to hormonal issues.

Now a days PCOS has been the most common problem of children due to inactivity and unhealthy eating habits.

children should be encouraged to play outside (outdoor games), eat healthy food, and should be taught to handle situations without taking stress. Make sure they are grownup in a pleasant and creative environment.

2. Inactivity causes diabetes condition, cardiovascular disorders, Hypertension, obesity and increase in risk of colon cancer, lipid disorders and also depression & anxiety.

chronic disease conditions make people weak due to physiological changes caused by the disease. Most of the times it leads to inactivity because they are bed ridden and not in a position to perform any activities/ become dependent.

Physical activity and healthy eating is the solution to most of our health problems these days. Importance to fitness trainers and dieticians also increased due to increase in health issues.

# Activity restriction is seen in certain mental ilnesses such as depression. To prevent this condition treatment of the condition after assesment should be done. In women, anxiety symptoms are associated with inactivity. In Men, Both anxiety and somatization symptoms ca be seen due to inactivity.

Practical Measures include: Daily moderate physical activity and healthy diet options and stress free environment can help to stay away from these illnesses.

# Regular physical activity helps to stay away from the risk of heart diseases. Daily moderate exercise is good for heart. Heart patients should not perform exercises that makes thier pain worse or those that increase pressure on heart. heart patients should prefer minimal exercise like walking, breathing exercises and eat low fat food and should completely avoid junk food. Prefer low Glycemic index foods when you are not performing any activitites. Low glycemic index foods include: oat meal, coverted rice, barley, ground whole wheat, lima/butter beans, legumes and lentils.

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