Question 11 According to the Theory of Island Biogeography which of the followin

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Question 11

According to the Theory of Island Biogeography which of the following scenarios would be expected to have the fewest number of species (lower species richness)?

Question 11 options:

Old islands, close to mainland

Small island, close to the mainland

Small island, further from the mainland

Large island, further from the mainland

Large island, close to the mainland

Question 12

According to the Theory of Island Biogeography, the two main processes controlling the number of species at any given time are…

Question 12 options:

Predation and competition

Migration (including immigration and emigration) and extinction

Birth and death

Humans and weather

Natural selection and catastrophes

Question 13

Which of the following factors does NOT influence species richness and diversity?

Question 13 options:

Competition

Resource availability

Amount of primary production

Habitat heterogeneity

Number of trophic levels

Question 14

The tendency for energy to be lost as heat during the transformation of organic matter is support for what concept?

Question 14 options:

Entropy

Gravity

Law of the minimum

Competitive exclusion

Question 15

Net primary production (NPP) refers to…

Question 15 options:

the total amount of organic matter fixed through photosynthesis

the total amount of organic matter fixed through photosynthesis minus that lost through respiration

the total amount of organic matter fixed through photosynthesis minus that lost through herbivory

the total amount of organic matter fixed through photosynthesis minus that lost by chance

the total amount of data on the world wide web

Question 16

Energy transfer efficiencies between trophic levels can vary greatly, but generally average around ___ transference.

Question 16 options:

0.1%

1%

10%

25%

99%

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics put species at special risk of extinction?

Question 17 options:

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 18

Percentage of assimilated organic matter that is incorporated into biomass.

Question 18 options:

Consumption efficiency

Assimilation efficiency

Production efficiency

Biological efficiency

Absorption efficiency

Question 19

Within the global water cycle, water is stored for the shortest amount of time in…

Question 19 options:

Marine systems

Lakes and streams

Ground water aquifers

Polar ice

Question 20

The transformation of ammonia (NH3) into nitrate (NO3) is mostly performed by certain bacteria. This process is known as…

Question 20 options:

Denitrification

Nitrification

Ammonification

Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen assimilation

Question 21

The nitrogen cycle has a large _____ component, while the phosphorus cycle has a large _____ component.

Question 21 options:

atmospheric, sedimentary rock

terrestrial biotic, marine biotic

sedimentary rock, atmospheric

marine biotic, terrestrial biotic

atmospheric, biotic

Old islands, close to mainland

Small island, close to the mainland

Small island, further from the mainland

Large island, further from the mainland

Large island, close to the mainland

Explanation / Answer

Ans 11. Small island, further from the mainland

According to theory of Island Biogeography, smaller island will have lesser area and hence lesser diversity.
The further it is from the mainland, the lesser will be the immigration rate and hence lesser diversity.

Ans12. Migration (including immigration and emigration) and extinction

Immigration and emigration (no of new species that come to the island and no of species that leave the island respectively) tends to increase and decrease the species diversity respectively.
Whereas Extinction is the wipe out of complete species from an area permanently and hence amount to a decrease in species diversity.

Ans. 13. No. of trophic levels -

The number of trophic levels is a human made concept for population studies and does not influence species richness directly.

Ans.14. Entropy

The second law of thermodynamics or law of entropy governs this process.
It states that energy cannot be transferred without incurring losses.

Ans.15.the total amount of organic matter fixed through photosynthesis minus that lost through respiration

Ans16. 10%  

Only 10% of the energy contained in a trophic level can be transferred to the next higher trophic level. Rest is lost in metabolic processes.
It explains the decrease in no. of organisms occupying subsequent trophic levels.

Ans 17. A and C

Ans18.Assimilation efficiency

Ans.19. Lakes and streams
These are freshwater sources and hence consumed and recycled very frequently.

Ans 20. Nitrification.

It is a process in which nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia first into nitrite and then into nitrate.

Ans 21. Atmospheric and sedimentary

Nitrogen has a large atmospheric presence and Phosphorous has a large sedimentary presence due to their respective natural state of gas and solid.

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