8. The first two stages in respiration are glycolysis and Kreb\'s cycle. For eac
ID: 302238 • Letter: 8
Question
8. The first two stages in respiration are glycolysis and Kreb's cycle. For each molecule of glucose input, 10 NAD molecules are reduced 2 FADs are reduced 4 ADPs are phosphorylated. The free energy ?G°, of the relevant "respiration reactions" is: Reaction 1 ·AG", (kcal/mol) 51.7 43.4 ATP ? ADP + Pi -686 How much of the energy from one mole of glucose is converted into ATP during the first two stages? a. b. How much of the glucose energy is conserved in the reduced coenzymes NAD and FAD? The third stage of respiration is oxidation phosphorylation. A total of 32 ATPs per glucose molecule are made during oxidative phosphorylation from the reduce coenzymes. How much of the glucose energy is conserved in ATP at the end of ALL three stages? c. What percentage of the total ATP energy is converted by the oxidative phosphorylation of the reduced coenzymes? d. e. What percentage of the glucose energy was lost was heat?Explanation / Answer
8.a. One glucose molecule has 2805KJ/mole. If altogether 36 ATPs are produced in the first two stages of respiration, 36 x 30.5KJ/mole = 1098KJ/mole (1kcal= 30.5kjolue; 1098 KJ= 262.4kcal) of energy is converted to ATP per mole of glucose oxidized.
b. 10NADH are produced, so 10 x 51.7kcal/mol = 517kcal/mol
2 FADH are produced, so 2 x 43.4 = 86.8kcla/mol
In total by NADH and FADH2, they carry 603.8kcal/mol of energy.
c. One ATP carries a free energy (available to do work) is -7.3kcal/mol
32ATPs are produced means 32 x 7.3kcl =233.6kcal of energy is utilised to form 32 ATPs.
d. Totally 603.8kcal of energy is carried by reduced coenzymes.
One FADH2 produces 2ATPs; thus 4ATPs from 2FADH2;
One NADH produces 3 ATP; thus 30ATPs from 10NADH
Total 34ATP are produced; 34x 7.3kcal/mol= 248.2kcal/mol
(248.2 / 603.8) x 100 = 41% of the total energy is derived from reduced coenzymes.
e. 100- 41 = 59% of energy is dissipated as heat.
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