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According to figures released by the New York City government, smoking among New

ID: 3023013 • Letter: A

Question

According to figures released by the New York City government, smoking among New York City teenagers is on a decline, continuing a trend that began more than a decade ago (The New York Times, January 2, 2008). According to the New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the teenage smoking rate dropped to 8.5% in 2007 from about 17.6% in 2001 and 23% in 1997. City officials attribute the lower smoking rate to factors including a cigarette tax increase, a ban on workplace smoking, and television and subway ads that graphically depict tobacco-related illnesses.

In a report, use the above information to

1.  Calculate the probability that at least one in a group of 10 New York City teenagers smoked in 2007.

2.  Calculate the probability that at least one in a group of 10 New York City teenagers smoked in 2001.

3.  Calculate the probability that at least one in a group of 10 New York City teenagers smoked in 1997.

4.  Comment on the smoking trend between 1997 and 2007.

Explanation / Answer

1.

Note that the probability of x successes out of n trials is          
          
P(n, x) = nCx p^x (1 - p)^(n - x)          
          
where          
          
n = number of trials =    10      
p = the probability of a success =    0.085      
x = the number of successes =    0      
          
Thus, the probability is          
          
P (    0   ) =    0.411349469

Thus, P(at least one) = 1 - P(0) =   0.588650531 [ANSWER]

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2.

Note that the probability of x successes out of n trials is          
          
P(n, x) = nCx p^x (1 - p)^(n - x)          
          
where          
          
n = number of trials =    10      
p = the probability of a success =    0.176      
x = the number of successes =    0      
          
Thus, the probability is          
          
P (    0   ) =    0.144301922

Thus, P(at least one) = 1 - P(0) =   0.855698078 [ANSWER]

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3.

Note that the probability of x successes out of n trials is          
          
P(n, x) = nCx p^x (1 - p)^(n - x)          
          
where          
          
n = number of trials =    10      
p = the probability of a success =    0.23      
x = the number of successes =    0      
          
Thus, the probability is          
          
P (    0   ) =    0.073266805

Thus, P(at least one) = 1 - P(0) =   0.926733195 [ANSWER]

********************

4.

The percentage of teenage smokers in New York City seem to decrease from 1997 to 2007.      
      
      

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