Tutorial Quiz 7 - PSY 230 QUESTION 1 All of the following are steps in figuring

Question

Tutorial Quiz 7 - PSY 230

QUESTION 1

All of the following are steps in figuring the chi-square statistic EXCEPT:

determine the actual, observed frequencies in each category or cell

divide each squared difference between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency for its category or cell

figure the overall F ratio by figuring, for each category or cell, the observed minus expected, and squaring this difference

determine the expected frequencies in each category or cell

2 points   

QUESTION 2

In a study with a 3 by 2 design, phi and Cramer’s phi:

are equivalent

are equivalent if phi is divided by 2

are unrelated

are the inverse of one another

2 points   

QUESTION 3

According to Cohen’s conventions for the phi coefficient, a large effect size is:

.10

.15

.40

.50

2 points   

QUESTION 4

A __________ is a measure of association between two dichotomous nominal variables.

chi-square statistic

phi coefficient

zeta coefficient

Z score

2 points   

QUESTION 5

The phi coefficient is:

always less than 0

equal to the square root of 2/N

always greater than 1

equal to the square root of 2/ N–1

2 points   

QUESTION 6

Hypothesis-testing procedures based on ranks are also called:

nonparametric tests

parametric tests

curvature tests

estimated tests

2 points   

QUESTION 7

When carrying out a chi-square test for independence, a good check on your arithmetic in figuring the expected frequencies is to make sure that:

for each row and column, the sum of the observed frequencies and the sum of the expected frequencies come out to be the same

the expected frequency of each cell is no larger than the observed frequency

the sum of all the expected frequencies times the degrees of freedom equals the sum of all the observed frequencies

for each row, the sum of all the expected frequencies equals the observed frequencies, minus 1, for each column

2 points   

QUESTION 8

A mathematical procedure (such as taking the square root) applied to each score in a sample, usually done to make the sample distribution closer to normal, is known as a:

procedural transliteration

data transformation

data manipulation logarithm

normality inducer

2 points   

QUESTION 9

A hypothesis-testing procedure that examines how well an observed frequency distribution of a single nominal variable fits some expected pattern of frequencies is a(n):

chi-square test for independence

chi-square for goodness of fit

observed frequency test

multiple correlation

2 points   

QUESTION 10

.36

.63

.42

.24

2 points   

QUESTION 11

The approximate power for the chi-square test for independence in a study with a predicated medium effect size and sample size of 100 (df total = 3) would be:

.12

.77

.21

.71

2 points   

QUESTION 12

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the null hypothesis is that:

the number of people in one category is no greater than the number of people in the other

the variances of the populations of categories are the same

the proportion of people over categories breaks down the same for the two populations

the means of the two populations of categories are the same

2 points   

QUESTION 13

In a study with 100 people, an analysis results in a 2 value of 3.15. What is the phi coefficient?

.02

.32

.18

1.8

2 points   

QUESTION 14

15%

5%

56%

36%

2 points   

QUESTION 15

What is an important point to consider for any data transformation procedure:

one must perform the transformation on all the scores on a given variable

no matter what transformation is used, the order of the scores always stays the same

the transformed version of a set of scores may meet the normality assumption

all of the above

2 points   

QUESTION 16

In a square-root transformation:

moderate numbers become slightly lower and high numbers become much lower

high numbers become very low and low numbers become very high

moderate numbers remain unchanged, but low numbers become slightly higher

low numbers become much lower and high numbers remain basically unchanged

2 points   

QUESTION 17

In a study with a 4 by 4 design and a large effect size, Cramer’s phi would be approximately:

.29

.35

.50

.06

2 points   

QUESTION 18

All of the following are true about the phi coefficient EXCEPT:

it is very closely related to the correlation coefficient

it is the same as the correlation coefficient squared (r2)

it is equal to the square root of 2/N

2 points   

QUESTION 19

In a chi-square test, the number of people in a category expected if the null hypothesis was true is known as:

observed frequency

distributed frequency

expected frequency

attained frequency

2 points   

QUESTION 20

When the normal-curve assumption is strongly violated, the ordinary t test:

gives an incorrect result

is conducted using Z scores instead of t scores

resembles an analysis of variance

is adequate

2 points   

QUESTION 21

15%

28%

19%

56%

2 points   

QUESTION 22

high school teachers tended to seek counseling less than the other professions studied

car dealers sought counseling less than other professions in the study

car dealers and college professors had the most stressful jobs, since they had had to seek counseling more than people in other professions

car dealers were about evenly split on those who had and those who had not sought counseling

2 points   

QUESTION 23

The formula for the chi-squared statistic is:

2 points   

QUESTION 24

Because the distribution of rank-order scores is known exactly rather than estimated, rank-order tests:

do not require estimating any parameters

are used in most real studies

are almost always preferred over square-root transformations

require drawing additional samples

2 points   

QUESTION 25

“A chi-square test for independence indicated that males and females were not evenly distributed across the categories [2 (3, N = 234) = 56.79, p = .04].” What is the chi-square value in this study?

3

234

56.79

.04

determine the actual, observed frequencies in each category or cell

divide each squared difference between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency for its category or cell

figure the overall F ratio by figuring, for each category or cell, the observed minus expected, and squaring this difference

determine the expected frequencies in each category or cell

Explanation / Answer

25. “A chi-square test for independence indicated that males and females were not evenly distributed across the categories [2 (3, N = 234) = 56.79, p = .04].” The chi square value is 56.79.

19. In a chi-square test, the number of people in a category expected if the null hypothesis was true is known as: expected frequency.

16. In a square-root transformation: moderate numbers become slightly lower and high numbers become much lower.

12. In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the null hypothesis is that: the number of people in one category is no greater than the number of people in the other

8. A mathematical procedure (such as taking the square root) applied to each score in a sample, usually done to make the sample distribution closer to normal, is known as a: data transformation.

6. Hypothesis-testing procedures based on ranks are also called: nonparametric tests.

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