Harris, Schoen, and Hensley (1992) conducted a research study showing how cultur

Question

Harris, Schoen, and Hensley (1992) conducted a research study showing how cultural experience can influence memory. They presented participants with two different versions of stories. One version contained facts or elements that were consistent with a U.S. culture and the second version contained material consistent with a Mexican culture. The results showed that the participants tended to make memory errors for the information that was not consistent with their own culture. Specifically, participants from Mexico either forgot or distorted information that was unique to U.S. culture, and participants from the United States forgot or distorted information that was unique to Mexican culture. The following data represent results similar to those obtained by Harris, Schoen, and Hensley.

Is there a significant difference between the two groups? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 3 decimal places.)

Conclusion ( chose A, B, C, D )

A) Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant difference between the two groups.

B) Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the two groups.     

C) Reject the null hypothesis, there is not a significant difference between the two groups.

D) Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the two groups.

Number of Errors Recalling the Mexican Story Participants from Mexico Participants from the United States n = 20 n = 20 M = 4.1 M = 6.9 SS = 180 SS = 200

Explanation / Answer

Is there a significant difference between the two groups? Use a two-tailed test with = .05. (Use 3 decimal places.)

Formulating the null and alternative hypotheses,              
              
Ho:   u1 - u2   =   0  
Ha:   u1 - u2   =/   0  
At level of significance =    0.05          
As we can see, this is a    two   tailed test.      
Calculating the means of each group,              
              
X1 =    4.1          
X2 =    6.9          
              
Calculating the standard deviations of each group,              
              
s1 =    3.077935056          
s2 =    3.244428423          
              
Thus, the standard error of their difference is, by using sD = sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2):              
              
n1 = sample size of group 1 =    20          
n2 = sample size of group 2 =    20          

Thus, df = n1 + n2 - 2 =    38          

Also, sD =    1          
              
  
              
Now, the critical value for t is              
              
tcrit =    +/-   2.024394164   [ANSWER, CRITICAL VALUE]

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Thus, the t statistic will be              
              
t = [X1 - X2 - uD]/sD =    -2.8   [ANSWER, T]

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where uD = hypothesized difference =    0      
              
As |t| > 2.024, WE REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.      
Hence,

OPTION B: B) Reject the null hypothesis, there is a significant difference between the two groups. [ANSWER, B]

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Hi! If you use another method/formula in calculating the degrees of freedom in this t-test, please resubmit this question together with the formula/method you use in determining the degrees of freedom. That way we can continue helping you! Thanks!

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