Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life wi
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Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science.Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions.
(a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)
Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science.
Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions.
(a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)
Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science.
Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions.
(a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)
Explanation / Answer
(a) It's highly probable that as lens-grinding and glassmaking techniques improved in 1580s, someone held up two lenses and discovered their great importance it could do.Galeileo later made his own adjustments to it producing 5x magnification and later continued to create a 20x magnifcation telescope.However the first person to apply for a patent for a telescope was a Dutch optical eyeglass maker named Hans Lippershey . At 1608, Lippershey triedclaimed that he had created a device with three-times magnification. He had his telescope made of concave lens in alignment with a convex objective lens. One of the story says that he had got the idea for his design after he observed two children in his shop holding up two lenses that made a weather vane appear more closer. Others charged at the time that he stole the design from another eyeglass maker, Zacharias Jansen who also was a lived in the same town making optical instruements.
(b)Ptolemy thought that all celestial objects — including the planets, Sun, Moon, and stars — orbited Earth. Earth, in the center of the universe, did not move at all.His discoveries included
1.The phases of Venus
2.Exploring the cosmos
3.The thermoscope
4.The discovery of Sunspots
5.The craters on the Moon
6.The military compass
7.The moons orbiting Jupiter
c)
His experimental apparatus was verysimple; It had consisted of wooden ramp with a V groove cut into it and a smooth bronze ball. When rolled the smooth bronze ball would roll down the groove, and he would track its motion due to gravity. The angle at which the ramp was positioned would lessen the apparent acceleration of gravity in such a way that he could make accurate measurements. By observing this phenomenon accurately on a small scale at many different angles of inclination, he could then make assertions about free-falling bodies under the force of gravity.
Time measure
In Galileo's day, the technology for measuring time did not include digital stopwatches or any similar devices. Instead, Galileo used a water-based clock to measure time in his experiment. A container of water was raised and allowed to drip in a regular manner into a vessel below it.f the fathers of modern science due to his extensive research in astronomy and physics. One of his greatest contributions involved accurately measuring the effect of gravity on free falling bodies. Galileo hypothesized that a falling object would gain equal amounts of velocity in equal amounts of time, which meant that its speed increased at a constant rate as it fell. There was one problem, however, in testing this hypothesis: Galileo could not observe the object's free falling motion and at the time, technology was unable to record such high speeds. As a result, Galileo tried to decelerate its motion by replacing the falling object with a ball rolling down an inclined plane. Since free falling is essentially equivalent to a completely vertical ramp, he assumed that a ball rolling down a ramp would speed up in the exact same way as a falling ball would. By weighing the amount of water in the vessel, Galileo could accurately measure the amount of time elapsed during the experiment.
ANALYZING THE SITUATION
As the ball rolled down the plane, Galileo found that it traveled down the ramp at a uniformly increasing speed. The relationship between distance traveled and time was not linear. In fact, upon analyzing his results, Galileo found that the distance traveled by the ball down the ramp was proportional to the square of the time elapsed.
Implications and Legacy
Galileo's experiment was a verification of the process of uniform acceleration. A rolling ball increased in velocity at a constant rate. This verification of constant acceleration is an instance of an object's inertia. In general, once an initial force is applied to an object, that force will continue until some other force acts against it. Galileo further studied this by testing what happened to the ball after it finished accelerating down the plane. Galileo's concept of inertia ultimately became the basis for Newton's First Law of Motion.
Thus was sucessful in proving the First law of Newton!!
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