Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life wi
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Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science. Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20 http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions. (a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)(c) “Galileo’s ship experiment.” Imagine dropping a ball from the top of the mast of a moving ship (moving with constant speed). Use this analogy (Galileo’s ship) to refute the Aristotelian argument that “the Earth is not moving for otherwise we would feel (notice) its motion.” Specifically, explain what happens to a ball dropped from a tower in our spinning Earth (as shown in the video). Note (food for thought!): The fact that you don’t notice the motion is related to the principle of inertia. In this form, it called the Principle of Relativity (the laws of mechanics are exactly the same for any two observers moving at constant velocity with respect to one another). This eventually became the basis for Einstein’s special relativity in 1905. Galileo’s Discoveries. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science. Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20 http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions. (a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)
(c) “Galileo’s ship experiment.” Imagine dropping a ball from the top of the mast of a moving ship (moving with constant speed). Use this analogy (Galileo’s ship) to refute the Aristotelian argument that “the Earth is not moving for otherwise we would feel (notice) its motion.” Specifically, explain what happens to a ball dropped from a tower in our spinning Earth (as shown in the video). Note (food for thought!): The fact that you don’t notice the motion is related to the principle of inertia. In this form, it called the Principle of Relativity (the laws of mechanics are exactly the same for any two observers moving at constant velocity with respect to one another). This eventually became the basis for Einstein’s special relativity in 1905. The questions in this problem are about Galileo’s life within the larger historical context leading to modern science. Please watch the video from 2:05 to 20:20 http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2vyzfu# Then answer the questions. (a) The Telescope. Did Galileo invent the telescope? Explain with one short sentence each what he discovered regarding the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, the Milky Way, and the phases of Venus. And state why these discoveries suggested that the Ptolemaic model and the ancient view “Earth versus heavens” (as distinct realms of existence) needed revision. (b) The Law of Inertia: A body will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside agent (i.e., a net unbalanced force). Explain the experiment performed by Galileo with rolling balls and inclines leading to his principle of inertia (as stated above). What is this principle called in the Newtonian synthesis? (i.e., which one of Newton’s Laws is it?)
(c) “Galileo’s ship experiment.” Imagine dropping a ball from the top of the mast of a moving ship (moving with constant speed). Use this analogy (Galileo’s ship) to refute the Aristotelian argument that “the Earth is not moving for otherwise we would feel (notice) its motion.” Specifically, explain what happens to a ball dropped from a tower in our spinning Earth (as shown in the video). Note (food for thought!): The fact that you don’t notice the motion is related to the principle of inertia. In this form, it called the Principle of Relativity (the laws of mechanics are exactly the same for any two observers moving at constant velocity with respect to one another). This eventually became the basis for Einstein’s special relativity in 1905.
Explanation / Answer
a)TELESCOPE-The credit of invention of telesope can not be given to Galileo,but yes he used the design with then called the spyglass and improvised and first to use it for astronomical abservations(Hans Lipperchey is believed to be the inventor of telescope with only limited capacity)
Moon-He was the first to see the surfaces of moon and was able to obeserve the shades on the mon created my Hills and valleys on its surface.
The Sun-He obeserved sun spots because of their movement he was able to explaine the rotation of the sun.
Jupitar-Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto the four moons of jupitar“Galilean Moons” were discovered.
Milky way-He discovered that it is a collection of star which were previousely thought as invisible star.
Venus-HE observed the phases of Venus as comparrble to moon,But the problem was that, it he could not be explained by geocentric theory but can be explained by using Copernicus's heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory.And there came conflict of phylosophycal Church view and pure Observable Scientific explanation and the view of Earth versus Heavens was sidelined.
b) Galileo used a inclined plank with a smooth track on it and placed a metal ball on it and measured the time of it rolling down ,might have used a water clock for the measurement of time and came to the conclusion that objects are accelarated at constant rate(speed increases at a constant rate) leading to the concept of principle of inertia.
The laws of physics( in this case the law of inertia) are applicable to both terrestrial and celestial entities is the idea or the principle of Newtonian synthesis.He tried to explaine the motion of sailer around the earth, and explained the continus rotation of heavenly objets around the sun.
c)Galileo conducted the simple experiments to see what happens to the objects droped inside the ship windowless and not in contact with the outside sea,He droped the ball when the boat is at rest and moving at a constant speed, both the times the object fell at the same place from where it is dropped,He found no difference. The object droped moved the same distence as the boat,So for a person who if was able to see through the ship see the object not falling in a stright line as abserved by the person(Galieo) but slightly bent,Which gives two results on how the ball is falling and with what velocity,and why the change(falling of object with reference to the two observers).the concept that velocity is not absolute ,It changes with the reference it is measured,and hence the concept of Refence frame hence leading to Principle of relativity,Hence Aristotelian question or objection on why we are not feeling the motion of earth is explained..As the earth moves everything on it is also moving hence no change we notice as we will also will be moving as the earth
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