n EOgY, Spring, 2018. The answers must be complete to achieve full credit. These
ID: 3165817 • Letter: N
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n EOgY, Spring, 2018. The answers must be complete to achieve full credit. These are comprehensive essay questions, not short answer ques tions Draw and explain Figure 11-14, which is about the lipid bilayer and lipid movement 2. Define proscin, enzyme, nucleotide, DNA.RNA, unsusturated fatty acid, amino acid ( 3) Desoribe and explain in detail the sodium/potassium pump. Include how it functions, what energy is consumed, 4. Desonibe and explain osmosis. Give examples such as what would happen if draw one also), lipid bilayer, eukaryotic cell, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, intracellular,extracellular, cell conex, cytosol, cytoplasm, plasma mem trensmembrane protein, and glycerol (also draw), hydrogen bond, ion, transcytiosis, autophagy membrane, multipass resuling gradient is used for, how quickly it works.. Be the relatod potassium leak channels, and what is actually going on with the sodi um and potassium levels in the sare to include the effect on membrane associaled electric charge, 5 Whai does it mean when I (Charlie) say that cels ane like capacitors? What does it mean w 6. Eapklain the prooess of "sugaring" of lipids and proseins. Addisionally, include where it occurs and hosw it is that it appears on 7. Describe and explain in detail electrochemical gradients including examples of the movement of ions. Contrast this with 8Describe and explain the ATP/ADP transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane as covered in class and found in the hen I say they are like batteries? (Be sure to clearly define hoth of these terms and then relate them to cells. Include how cells get their charge.) the outside surface of the cells. uncharged molecules. Include what such gradients are used for. energy-harvesting dugner. Include what powers it. It is found on page Figure 14.18. (antipor electrogenic) 9, Both comprehensively and in detail, explain intracellular vesicular traffic and membrane distribution/redistribution within the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. 10. How do proteins, encoded by genes located in the nucleus, get made, processed, delivered, and transported across the membranes of mitochondria? What determines or directs these proteins to the mitochondria? Also include all additional relevant information learned from the chapter 11. How, when and where do the transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane get imbedded inso the membrane, and how do dhey get to the plasma membrane (their path). s if a protein is trafficked to the nacleus? Why do proteins of the same type sometimes get trafficked and oher times simply reside in the cylosol? Describe the transport system including what powers it. Include the information found in figures 15-09 and 15-10. Describe and explained the complete details of the LDL. transport sysicm as shown in Figure 15-33 and explained in the text. Include whatever other information that was discussed in class. 14, What is the constitutive exocytosis pathway? e the secretory or regulated exocytosis pathway,also incladng tbe regulation and control of molecular packaging of vesicles I6. Figure 15-35 is one on lysosomes. Draw and describe the a 1 Descoribe and explain formation, anatomy and physiology of a lysosome n the formation, specific packaging.movement and fusion of vesiclesExplanation / Answer
5. Capacitor is a device that stores potential energy whereas a battery is necessary to supply the current to run a motor or do work.
Like a capacitor, cells store potential energy across their mitochondrial membrane as an electrochemical gradient of protons. As a battery these protons flow back inside the matrix to drive the motor of ATP synthase to synthesise ATP.
6. Sugaring is also called glycosylation. This process occurs in endoplasmic reticulum. In a protein, the sugars are added bothe to N-terminal and C terminal.
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