In what ways do advertisers in magazines use sexual imagery to appeal to youth?

Question

In what ways do advertisers in magazines use sexual imagery to appeal to youth? One study classified each of 1509 full-page or larger ads as "not sexual" or "sexual," according to the amount and style of the dress of the male or female model in the ad. The ads were also classified according to the target readership of the magazine. Here is the two-way table of counts.

(a) Summarize the data numerically and graphically. (Compute the conditional distribution of model dress for each audience. Round your answers to three decimal places.)

(b) Perform the significance test that compares the model dress for the three categories of magazine readership. Summarize the results of your test and give your conclusion. (Use = 0.01. Round your value for 2 to two decimal places, and round your P-value to four decimal places.)

Conclusion

Reject the null hypothesis. There is not significant evidence of an association between target audience and model dress.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is significant evidence of an association between target audience and model dress.   

Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not significant evidence of an association between target audience and model dress.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is significant evidence of an association between target audience and model dress.

(c) All of the ads were taken from the March, July, and November issues of six magazines in one year. Discuss this fact from the viewpoint of the validity of the significance test and the interpretation of the results.

This is not an SRS. This gives us no reason to believe our conclusions are suspect.

This is an SRS. This gives us no reason to believe our conclusions are suspect.    

This is an SRS. This gives us reason to believe our conclusions might be suspect.

This is not an SRS. This gives us reason to believe our conclusions might be suspect.

Magazine readership Model dress Women Men General interest Total Not sexual 358 508 241 1107 Sexual 212 84 106 402 Total 570 592 347 1509

Explanation / Answer

a) The expected Frequencis are

b)

The chisquare value is calculated as follows

Degrees of freedom: 2

Test Statistic, X^2: 82.1515
Critical X^2: 9.210334
P-Value: 0.0000

Here P-value < alpha 0.01, we reject H0

c) Thus we conclude that

Reject the null hypothesis. There is significant evidence of an association between target audience and model dress.

d) Correct Answer: This is an SRS. This gives us reason to believe our conclusions might be suspect.

Women Men General Interest Total Not Sexual 418.151 434.29 254.559 1107 Sexual 151.849 157.71 92.441 402 Total 570 592 347 1509

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