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Obesity is a risk factor for many health conditions. Researchers believe that ob

ID: 3175220 • Letter: O

Question

Obesity is a risk factor for many health conditions. Researchers believe that obesity may raise estrogen levels in women, including serum estradiol, which is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. The dataset includes 211 premenopausal women. Each women had measurements taken of body mass index and waste-hip ratio, which measures abdominal adiposity.

Created a new dataset where the women with missing motherhood status was dropped. Test the hypothesis that whether or not the woman has any kids is associated with her ethnicity. Define your parameters, write out the hypotheses in terms of those parameters, provide the result of the test and the p-value, and provide a one-sentence interpretation in words.

Histogram of Number of Children

Histogram of age at 1st birth

Histogram of age at the first occurrence of menstruation

Ethnic

N

Mean

Std Dev

Std Err

Minimum

Maximum

0

59

0.1186

0.3261

0.0425

0

1.0000

1

145

0.3448

0.4770

0.0396

0

1.0000

Diff (1-2)

-0.2262

0.4390

0.0678

Ethnic

Method

Mean

95% CL Mean

Std Dev

95% CL Std Dev

0

0.1186

0.0337

0.2036

0.3261

0.2761

0.3985

1

0.3448

0.2665

0.4231

0.4770

0.4277

0.5392

Diff (1-2)

Pooled

-0.2262

-0.3598

-0.0925

0.4390

0.4000

0.4864

Diff (1-2)

Satterthwaite

-0.2262

-0.3409

-0.1115

Method

Variances

DF

t Value

Pr > |t|

Pooled

Equal

202

-3.34

0.0010

Satterthwaite

Unequal

155.45

-3.90

0.0001

Equality of Variances

Method

Num DF

Den DF

F Value

Pr > F

Folded F

144

58

2.14

0.0013

Ethnic

N

Mean

Std Dev

Std Err

Minimum

Maximum

0

59

0.1186

0.3261

0.0425

0

1.0000

1

145

0.3448

0.4770

0.0396

0

1.0000

Diff (1-2)

-0.2262

0.4390

0.0678

80 60 40 20 0.4 1.2 2.0 Distribution of Nurdild 4.4 5.2 6.0 2.8 3.0 Numchild 6.8

Explanation / Answer

We want to test the hypothesis that if there is difference in means of the number of kids varies between ethnic groups and non-ethnic groups.

let the average no. of kids be MUe for the ethnic group and MUne for the non-ethnic group

H0 Null: MUe = MUne

HA Alternate: MUe != MUne

Result: tstat (2-tailed) = -3.34

p-value = 0.0010

As p-value < 0.05, the results are significant and hence reject the Null hypothesis.

Interpretation - There is significant difference in the average number of kids between ethnic and non-ethnic women.