People who eat lots of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer th

Question

People who eat lots of fruits and vegetables have lower rates of colon cancer than those who eat little of these foods. Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E. Will taking antioxidants help prevent colon cancer? A medical experiment studied this question with 864 people who were at risk of colon cancer. The subjects were divided into four groups: daily beta-carotene, daily vitamins C and E, all three vitamins every day, or daily placebo. After four years, the researchers were surprised to find no significant difference in colon cancer among the groups.

Step 1:

Which of the following outlines describes an appropriate design of the experiment?

design 1

design 2

design 3

design 4

Step 2:
The study was double-blind. What does this mean?

This means that neither the patients nor the people who interact with them knew which kinds of vitamins each patient is receiving

Step 3:
What does no significant difference mean in describing the outcome of the study?

It means that the observed differences were no more than what might reasonably occur by chance even if there is no effect due to the treatments.

pls only answer accordingly no long explaination

This means that all the participants were blind. This means that neither the patients nor the chief researcher knew which kinds of vitamins each patient received. This means that the patients didn't know which treatment they are receiving, but the people who interact with them did know.

This means that neither the patients nor the people who interact with them knew which kinds of vitamins each patient is receiving

Step 3:
What does no significant difference mean in describing the outcome of the study?

It means that the difference in colon cancer between the groups cannot be explained by chance, and it can only be explained by the fact that different treatments were applied. It means that the difference in colon cancer between the groups is very large. It means that the difference in colon cancer between the groups cannot be explained by chance alone.

It means that the observed differences were no more than what might reasonably occur by chance even if there is no effect due to the treatments.

pls only answer accordingly no long explaination

Subjects Group 1 Group 2 Random assignment Random assignment Colon cancer Compare vitamin No colon cancer consumption Colon cancer Compare vitamin No colon cancer consumption Design 1

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

Step 1:
Which of the following outlines describes an appropriate design of the experiment?
Ans: d) design 4

Step 2:
The study was double-blind. What does this mean?
Ans: d) This means that neither the patients nor the people who interact with them knew which kinds of vitamins each patient is receiving

Step 3:
What does no significant difference mean in describing the outcome of the study?
Ans: It means that the observed differences were no more than what might reasonably occur by chance even if there is no effect due to the treatments.

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