A toothpaste manufacturer wishes to test the hypothesis that its new formulation

Question

A toothpaste manufacturer wishes to test the hypothesis that its new formulation gives users improved protection. The null hypothesis for this test is "the new formulation does not improve protection" and the alternative/research hypothesis is "the new formulation does improve protection". Which of the following decisions would be a Type I error?

a) The company concludes that the change in formula decreases protection, when, in fact, it does not decrease protection.
b) The company concludes that the change in formula does not improve protection, when, in fact, it does improve protection.    
c) The company concludes that the change in formula improves protection, when, in fact, it does not improve protection.
d) The company concludes that the change in formula does not decrease protection, when, in fact, it does decrease protection.

Explanation / Answer

TYPE 1 ERROR-ARISES WHEN NULL HYPOTHESIS IS REJECTED WHEN IT IS TRUE.

TYPE 2 ERROR- THE NULL HYPOTHESIS IS FALSE AND WE FAIL TO REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.

So ANS For type 1 error-Option-C: The company concludes that the change in formula improves protection, when in fact it will not improve protection.

BONUS:TYPE 2 ERROR:The company concludes that the change in formula does not improve protection when in fact it does improve protection.

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