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Question: Develop a clear purpose statement sentence capturing the essence of th

ID: 3180992 • Letter: Q

Question

Question:
Develop a clear purpose statement sentence capturing the essence of the intent of the pilot study.

You are the director of Institutional Research at a small state university and you have been given the task of gathering information for the dean of the School of Education regarding the performance of their undergraduate students on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). Data on six variables were collected: gender, overall grade point average (GPA), major GPA, GRE scores in major area, GRE quantitative, GRE verbal, and type of preparation programs. The university is dedicated to maximize student success on the GRE. The university has established five different options for students to prepare for the GREs: option 1 = completely online asynchronous prep course, 2 = completely online synchronous prep course, 3 = complete a hybrid prep course with a combination of online and face to face; 4 = complete a traditional instructor led prep course, and 5 = self-paced paper based prep course.

The dean has simply asked you, “Tell me what works best and for whom?” You decide to establish a pilot study with 50 randomly selected general science education seniors to determine the details of the methodology as well as to provide some initial data and corresponding results to learn if the research plan meets the dean’s needs. The pilot study needs to contain the following components written in APA format:

Data provided below:

In this mock data file there are 50 participants and 6 variables:  

Variable column 1: Gender 1=male, 2=female

Variable column 2: overall grade point average (gpa) based on a 4 point system

Variable column 3: major gpa based on a 4 point system

Variable column 4; Graduate Record Exam (GRE) in major

Variable column 5; GRE quantitative

Variable column 6: GRE verbal

Variable column 7: Preparation Approach

**********************************************************************************

2              3.65        3.85        650         750         640         1

1              3.62        3.82        640         740         630         1             

1              3.68        3.88        660         760         650         1

1              3.59        3.79        630         750         620         1

1              3.71        3.91        670         740         660         1

2              3.65        3.85        620         760         610         1

1              3.62        3.82        680         750         670         1

1              3.68        3.88        610         740         600         1

1              3.59        3.89        690         760         680         1

1              3.71        3.59        600         720         590         1

2              3.56        3.76        700         770         690         2

1              3.74        3.94        590         720         580         2

1              3.53        3.73        710         780         700         2

2              3.77        3.97        580         710         570         2

2              3.49        3.69        720         770         710         2

1              3.81        4.00        570         700         560         2

1              3.46        3.66        730         780         720         2

1              3.84        4.00        560         680         550         2

1              3.43        3.63        740         770         730         2

2              3.87        4.00        550         650         540         2

2              3.40        3.60        750         740         740         3

1              3.91        4.00        540         680         530         3

1              3.37        3.57        760         720         750         3

1              3.94        4.00        530         730         520         3

1              3.34        3.54        790         640         780         3

1              3.35        3.75        630         650         600         3

2              3.38        3.78        660         640         630         3

2              3.32        3.72        660         650         630         3

1              3.41        3.81        670         660         640         3

1              3.28        3.68        650         650         620         3

2              3.44        3.84        670         640         640         4

2              3.25        3.65        650         630         620         4

1              3.47        3.87        680         670         650         4

1              3.22        3.62        630         620         600         4

2              3.51        3.81        690         680         660         4

1              3.19        3.59        620         610         590         4

2              3.54        3.94        700         690         670         4

1              3.16        3.56        610         600         580         4

1              3.57        3.97        710         700         680         4

2              3.13        3.53        600         590         570         4

2              3.60        4.00        720         710         690         5

1              3.10        3.50        590         570         560         5

1              3.63        4.00        730         680         700         5

1              3.00        3.40        580         550         550         5

1              3.71        4.00        750         730         720         5

2              2.90        3.30        560         580         530         5

2              3.81        4.00        760         630         730         5

1              2.80        3.20        530         670         470         5

1              3.91        4.00        770         560         740         5

2              3.86        4.00        520         600         490         5

Explanation / Answer

Ho1: Males and Females score equal on GRE quantitative section, i.e, m - f = 0

Ha1: Males score higher than females on GRE quantitative section, i.e., m - f > 0

or Ha1: Females score higher than males on GRE quantitative section, i.e., m - f < 0

The test statistic is a t-score (t) defined by the following equation.

t = [ mean(x1) - mean(x2) - 0 ] / SE

SE = sqrt[ ((n1-1)s12 + (n2-1)s22)/(n1+n2-2) ]* sqrt[(1/n1) + (1/n2)] (1 is for male population, 2 is for female)

Here,

n1= 32, n2=18, mean(x1)=690 mean(x2)=677.22 s12= 4232.26 s22= 3962.42

SE= sqrt[((4232.26*31) + (3962.42*17))/48 ]* sqrt[(1/32) + (1/18)]=18.95

t = (690 - 677.22)/18.95 = 0.67

t48(0.05)= 1.96

since, t < t48(0.05), we fail to reject Ho1.

Hence, Males and Females score equal on GRE quantitative section

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Ho2: Males and Females score equal on GRE verbal section, i.e, m - f = 0

Ha2: Males score higher than females on GRE verbal section, i.e., m - f > 0

or Ha1: Females score higher than males on GRE verbal section, i.e., m - f < 0

The test statistic is a t-score (t) defined by the following equation.

t = [ mean(x1) - mean(x2) - 0 ] / SE

SE = sqrt[ ((n1-1)s12 + (n2-1)s22)/(n1+n2-2) ]* sqrt[(1/n1) + (1/n2)]  (1 is for male population, 2 is for female)

Here,

n1= 32, n2=18, mean(x1)=631.86 mean(x2)=631.11 s12= 5635.08.26 s22= 4928.11

SE= sqrt[((5635.08*31) + (4928.11*17))/48 ]* sqrt[(1/32) + (1/18)]=21.62

t = (631.86 - 631.11)/21.62 = 0.03

t48(0.05)= 1.96

since, t < t48(0.05), we fail to reject Ho2.

Hence, Males and Females score equal on GRE verbal section

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ho3: Males and Females score equal using approach i, i.e, m - f = 0

Ha3: Males score higher than females using approach i, i.e., m - f > 0

or Ha1: Females score higher than males using approach i, i.e., m - f < 0 (i = 1,2,3,4,5)

The test statistic is a t-score (t) defined by the following equation.

t = [ mean(x1) - mean(x2) - 0 ] / SE

SE = sqrt[ ((n1-1)s12 + (n2-1)s22)/(n1+n2-2) ]* sqrt[(1/n1) + (1/n2)]  (1 is for male population, 2 is for female)

Approach 1

n1= 8, n2=2, mean(x1)=3.65 mean(x2)=3.65 s12= 0.0026 s22= 0

SE= sqrt[((0.0026*7) + (0)/8) ]* sqrt[(1/8) + (1/2)]=0.0152

t = (3.65-3.65)/0.0152 = 0

t8(0.05)= 1.86

since, t < t8(0.05), we fail to reject Ho3.

Hence, Males and Females score equal using Approach 1.

Approach 2

n1= 6, n2=4, mean(x1)=3.64 mean(x2)=3.67 s12= 0.0335 s22= 0.0315

SE= sqrt[((0.0335*5) + (0.0315*3))/8 ]* sqrt[(1/6) + (1/4)]=0.0761

t = (3.64-3.67)/0.0761 = -0.39

t8(0.05)= 1.86

since, t > -t8(0.05), we fail to reject Ho3.

Hence, Males and Females score equal using Approach 2.

Approach 3

n1= 7, n2=3, mean(x1)=3.51 mean(x2)=3.37 s12= 0.0803 s22= 0.0018

SE= sqrt[((0.0803*6) + (0.0018/2))/8 ]* sqrt[(1/7) + (1/3)]=0.167

t = (3.51-3.37)/0.167 = 0.84

t8(0.05)= 1.86

since, t < t8(0.05), we fail to reject Ho3.

Hence, Males and Females score equal using Approach 3.

Approach 4

n1= 5, n2=5, mean(x1)=3.32 mean(x2)=3.38 s12= 0.0344 s22= 0.0314

SE= sqrt[((0.0344*4) + (0.0314*4))/8 ]* sqrt[(1/5) + (1/5)]=0.1147

t = (3.32-3.38)/0.1157 = -0.52

t8(0.05)= 1.86

since, t > -t8(0.05), we fail to reject Ho3.

Hence, Males and Females score equal using Approach 4.

Approach 5

n1= 6, n2=4, mean(x1)=3.56 mean(x2)=3.54 s12= 0.2505 s22= 0.1962

SE= sqrt[((0.2505*5) + (0.1962*3))/8 ]* sqrt[(1/6) + (1/4)]=0.3097

t = (3.56-3.54)/0.3097 = 0.06

t8(0.05)= 1.86

since, t < t8(0.05), we fail to reject Ho3.

Hence, Males and Females score equal using Approach 5.

No, Males and females score equally using all the approaches

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