Approximately 15% of the population aged 60 years and older take an antidepressa

Question

Approximately 15% of the population aged 60 years and older take an antidepressant medication in the US. While SSRIs are a type of antidepressant that is known to have fewer side effects, approximately 40% of all SSRI users do experience at least one side effect. The development of hyponatremia, a condition marked by low blood sodium, is one such side effect that can result in death. Researchers enrolled a population of older adults to study this side effect further. They enrolled 10,000 older adults who took fluoxetine and 9,500 older adults who did not take fluoxetine. Of the fluoxetine users, 650 developed hyponatremia. Of those not taking fluoxetine, 100 developed hyponatremia.

a. Fill in the 2x2 table below using the numbers provided.

b. How much of the hyponatremia that the fluoxetine users experienced would be considered excess disease risk due to the fluoxetine exposure? Express your answer in rate per 100,000 population. How many times higher is the risk of hyponatremia in the population of fluoxetine users?

c. Using words, how would you interpret the two findings in part b? Why is each one meaningful in terms of providing information to researchers, clinicians, program planners, and policy makers? (0.2 points) 100% of patients are still alive. After 15 years, almost 95% of patients who had prostate cancer are still alive. what is the frequency?

d. 100% of patients are still alive. After 15 years, almost 95% of patients who had prostate cancer are still alive. what is the frequency?

Hyponatremia Yes Hyponatremia No Total Fluoxetine Yes Fluoxetine No Total

Explanation / Answer

a)

b) Number of Hyponatremia per 100000 Fluoxetine user = 650/10000*100000= 6500

Number of Hyponatremia per 100000 non Fluoxetine user = 100/9500*100000 = 1052.63

Number of hyponatremia that the fluoxetine users experienced tha twould be considered excess disease risk due to the fluoxetine exposure 5447.37

6.175 times higher is the risk of hyponatremia in the population of fluoxetine users

Hyponatremia Yes Hyponatremia No Total Fluoxetine Yes 650 9350 10000 Fluoxetine No 100 9400 9500 Total 750 18750 19500

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