1. A researcher wants to study the effects of exercise in reducing the bone loss

Question

1. A researcher wants to study the effects of exercise in reducing the bone loss in post-menopausal women. She finds 500 post-menopausal women who exercise regularly and she matches each with a similar post-menopausal woman who does not exercise regularly. Medical tests are performed at regular intervals for each of these women for 5 years. The researcher reviews the tests and compares the results. What type of study is described here? a) Observational, prospective c) Observational, retrospective b) Double blind experiment d) Randomized experiment

2. A graduate student at a large state university wants to see if the students are satisfied with the dining services of the food court. He goes to the food court during several lunch hours he has free and asks the students who eat there about their satisfaction with the services. What kind of sample is described here? a) Simple Random Sample c) Stratified Sample b) Cluster Sample d) Convenience Sample

3.Eighty thousand football fans attending a professional football game filled out surveys asking their opinions on using tax money to upgrade the football stadium. Seventy six percent said that they supported the use of tax money for this purpose. What type of bias, if any, is included here? a) Self-interest bias c) Non-response bias b) Leading question bias d) No bias included

4. Which of the statements below contain a parameter? a) A survey is given to a group of randomly selected college students and it showed that more than 80% of them drink at least one cup of coffee per day. b) The average height of a group of first graders is 32 inches. c) The average age of all the employees in a software company is 34 years. d) In a recent opinion poll, 65% of the respondents said that they have not traveled to an overseas country.

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct option is a) Observational, prospective because an Observational prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s). The study usually involves taking a cohort of subjects and watching them over a long period.

2. The correct option is d) Convenience Sample because sample was selected from convenience of researcher.

3. The correct option is a) Self-interest bias because sample was selected from football field.

4. The correct option is c) The average age of all the employees in a software company is 34 years because this is average age of "all" the employees.

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