1. A researcher wants to study the effect of gender on educational attainment. I
ID: 3468274 • Letter: 1
Question
1. A researcher wants to study the effect of gender on educational attainment. In such a study, gender would be:
the dependent variable
a constant
the independent variable
a spurious variable
2. When would we say that the relationship between two variables, X and Y, is spurious?
when X increases and Y increases as a result
when the correlation between X and Y is caused by a third variable
when X increases and Y decreases as a result
when no correlation exists between X and Y
3. Data on marriage indicate that half of all marriages end in divorce. This is an example of a ____ fact.
proportional
random
simple
census
4. A survey is circulating among your friends on Facebook. 50,000 people have responded to it so far. Your sociology professor tells you that such polls do not accurately reflect the views of the American population. This is because:
it is a survey, not a census
the respondents are randomly selected
it is a survey, not an experiment
the respondents are self-selected
5. Two presidential candidates, A and B, are in a tight race. The most recent poll, with a margin of error of +/- 3%, has support for A at 51% and B at 49%. What is the best interpretation of this poll?
The race is too close to call, either could win based on this poll
Candidate A has a 95% chance of winning the election
Candidate A will win the election by 2%
Candidate B has no chance of winning
the dependent variable
a constant
the independent variable
a spurious variable
Explanation / Answer
1. A researcher wants to study the effect of gender on educational attainment. In such a study, gender would be:
the independent variable
2. When would we say that the relationship between two variables, X and Y, is spurious?
when the correlation between X and Y is caused by a third variable
3. Data on marriage indicate that half of all marriages end in divorce. This is an example of a ____ fact.
Proportional
A survey is circulating among your friends on Facebook. 50,000 people have responded to it so far. Your sociology professor tells you that such polls do not accurately reflect the views of the American population. This is because:
it is a survey, not a census (A survey is a data collection activity that involves a sample of the population. While a census collects information about every member of the population).
5. Two presidential candidates, A and B, are in a tight race. The most recent poll, with a margin of error of +/- 3%, has support for A at 51% and B at 49%. The best interpretation of this poll is;
The race is too close to call, either could win based on this poll
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