A study on mixed species cloning was conducted to test if a non-human donor spec
ID: 3217636 • Letter: A
Question
A study on mixed species cloning was conducted to test if a non-human donor species could provide an egg for insertion of human dna for the clonal production of human stem cells. So an experiment was conducted in which unfertilized eggs were obtained from two species (pigs and sheep; 3 individuals of each species) and their nucleus was replaced with the nucleus from one of 12 human donors chosen at random. Four eggs from each individual pig or sheep were harvested and their nuclei removed and replaced with human donor nuclei; two from one human and two from another. After the eggs developed, an embryonic stem cell was obtained from each embryo and the number of mutations in a specific gene sequence was determined. Is there a significant difference in the number of mutations between stem cells derived from pigs vs. sheep? How much variation in the number of mutations can be attributed to differences among humans? [YOU MAY ASSUME THAT ALL ASSUMPTIONS ARE MET FOR THIS QUESTION] Please use spss if possible. Please state the test you used and please include graphsExplanation / Answer
Answer:
A study on mixed species cloning was conducted to test if a non-human donor species could provide an
egg for insertion of human dna for the clonal production of human stem cells. So an experiment was
conducted in which unfertilized eggs were obtained from two species (pigs and sheep; 3 individuals of each
species) and their nucleus was replaced with the nucleus from one of 12 human donors chosen at random.
Four eggs from each individual pig or sheep were harvested and their nuclei removed and replaced with
human donor nuclei; two from one human and two from another. After the eggs developed, an embryonic
stem cell was obtained from each embryo and the number of mutations in a specific gene sequence was
determined.
Is there a significant difference in the number of mutations between stem cells derived from pigs
vs. sheep?
Group Statistics
Species
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
mutations
pig
12
3.50
1.977
.571
sheep
12
9.83
3.486
1.006
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
mutations
Equal variances assumed
5.815
.025
-5.474
22
.000
-6.333
1.157
-8.733
-3.934
Equal variances not assumed
-5.474
17.414
.000
-6.333
1.157
-8.770
-3.897
Calculated t=-5.474, P=0.000 which is < 0.05 level of significance.
There is a significant difference in the number of mutations between stem cells derived from pigs
vs. sheep.
How much variation in the number of mutations can be attributed to differences among humans?
[YOU MAY ASSUME THAT ALL ASSUMPTIONS ARE MET FOR THIS QUESTION]
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1
.761a
.580
.560
2.824
a. Predictors: (Constant), humans
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
241.850
1
241.850
30.320
.000b
Residual
175.484
22
7.977
Total
417.333
23
a. Dependent Variable: mutations
b. Predictors: (Constant), humans
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t
Sig.
95.0% Confidence Interval for B
B
Std. Error
Beta
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1
(Constant)
.689
1.229
.561
.581
-1.860
3.238
humans
.920
.167
.761
5.506
.000
.573
1.266
a. Dependent Variable: mutations
R square =0.580
58.0% variation in the number of mutations can be attributed to differences among humans.
Group Statistics
Species
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
mutations
pig
12
3.50
1.977
.571
sheep
12
9.83
3.486
1.006
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