lu numbers indicate Test are provided in the solut exercises whose answers Chops

Question

lu numbers indicate Test are provided in the solut exercises whose answers Chopsticks May Cause Arthritis" reported in 2003 on study of more than 2,500 residents in Beijing that "found that osteoarthritis was more common in the hands used to operate chopsticks--and in the fingers specifically stressed by chopstick use." a. Which one of these focuses on data production? 1. Sample proportions are actually fairly close 2. The P-value is less than 0.05. 3. Because the hand that uses chopsticks would also be the hand used to 12.2 TI perform many other tasks, researchers were careful to make a comparison rel involving the fingers particularly stressed by chopstick use. 4. For all users of chopsticks, there is a slightly elevated risk of hand osteoarthritis. Which one of the statements in part (a) with focuses on displaying and summarizing

Explanation / Answer

a. Here Statement III tells us that the hand that uses chopsticks would also be used in performing many other tasks, so particularly fingers are chosen for study so that shows how data is produced in this case.

b. Here statement I "sample proportions are actually fairly close" shows tells us about how data is evolved through production and as they are summarized that they are fairly close to each other.

c. Statement II where it tells that P- value is less than 0.05 tell us the probability of having same level of arthritis when using chopstick as it is with the people not using chopsticks.

d. Statement IV inferred statistically that there is slightly elevate risk of hand arthritics who use chopsticks.

e. Here the article mentions that " the effect is not big" and that " the increase in risk associated with chopstick use is small". Here sample size is quite large which can reduce the standard deviation part of the proportions difference between both proportions. So, we can infer that sample proportions are not especially different.

If we talk about P - value, it is already below 0.05 and we can not infer that it is not small. 0.05 is already a small probability level and as given in below given example, if we decrease more probability , it will not create much difference between probabilities.

But as i can give a example

where we can say that pnon- chopstick user getting arthritis = 0.10

and p non - chopstick user getting arthritis = 0.12

so Test Statistic

Z = ( 0.12 - 0.1)/ sqrt [ 0.1 * 0.9/ 2500] = 0.02/ 0.006 = 3.33

P - value = 0.001

so as we can see there is not much difference between 0.10 and 0.12 proportions but the probability level is pretty low. So, main effect is that proportions are not especially different.

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