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Questions: Your best friend was really into March Madness this year. He is quite

ID: 3220926 • Letter: Q

Question

Questions:

Your best friend was really into March Madness this year. He is quite sad that the tournament is over, but has decided to do some research on college basketball. You being the loyal friend you are, helps him calculate different probabilities for scenarios he has researched.

He found that OSU’s free throw percentage as a team is 78.9%. Assuming that each free throw is independent, your friend needs help calculating the probability of certain outcomes occurring for the next 100 free throws.

State the probability distribution your friend should use to calculate the probabilities and explain why.

What is the probability OSU will score at least 80 of the free throws?

What is the probability OSU will score between 60 and 90 of the free throws (exclusively)?

What is the probability OSU will score only 18 of their free throws?

I need help putting this into r. Can you show me the codes please.

Explanation / Answer

State the probability distribution your friend should use to calculate the probabilities and explain why.

Answer:

Here, we have to use the normal approximation to binomial distribution. We are given n = 100 and p = 0.789. So,

We have

Mean = n*p = 100*0.789 = 78.9,

q = 1 – p = 1 – 0.789 = 0.211 and

Standard deviation given as below:

SD = sqrt(n*p*q) = sqrt(100*0.789*0.211) = 4.08018

What is the probability OSU will score at least 80 of the free throws?

Answer:

Here, we have to find P(X80)

P(X80) = 1 – P(X<80)

Z = (X – mean)/SD

Z = (80 – 78.9)/4.08018 = 0.2696

P(X<80) = P(Z<0.2696) = 0.606264

P(X80) = 1 – P(X<80) = 1 - 0.606264 = 0.393736

Required probability = 0.393736

What is the probability OSU will score between 60 and 90 of the free throws (exclusively)?

Answer:

P(60<X<90) = P(X<90) – P(X<60)

First we have to find P(X<90)

Z = (90 – 78.9)/4.08018 = 2.72047

P(Z<2.72047) = 0.996741

Now, we have to find P(X<60)

Z = (60 – 78.9)/4.08018 = -4.6321

P(Z<-4.6321) = 0.000002

P(60<X<90) = P(X<90) – P(X<60) = 0.996741 - 0.000002 = 0.996739

Required probability = 0.996739

What is the probability OSU will score only 18 of their free throws?

Answer:

We have to find P(X<18)

Z = (18 – 78.9)/4.08018 = -14.9258

P(Z<-14.9258) = 0.00

Required probability = 0.00

Required R codes

> n=100

> p=0.789

> mean=n*p

> SD=sqrt(n*p*(1-p))

> Prob1 = dnorm(80,mean,SD)

> Prob2 = 1 - Prob1

> Prob3=dnorm(90,mean,SD)

> Prob4=dnorm(60,mean,SD)

> Prob5=Prob3 - Prob4

> Prob6 = dnorm(18,mean,SD)

> Prob2

[1] 0.9057139

> Prob5

[1] 0.002414086

> Prob6

[1] 4.11422e-50