A researcher is interested in whether the phonics method of teaching reading is

Question

A researcher is interested in whether the phonics method of teaching reading is more or less effective than the sight method, depending on what grade the child is in. Twenty children were randomly selected from each of three grades: kindergarten (K), first grade (1), and second grade (2). Achievement was measured in terms of reading comprehension where higher scores indicate better comprehension. Within each grade, 10 children were assigned to each of two methods of teaching reading - phonics or sight. The data are as follows:

                        Grade Levels

                        K         1          2                                              K         1          2

                        14        25        49                                            17        35        34

                        20        29        49                                            22        36        33

                        16        27        46                                            19        40        34

Sight    21        31        46                   Phonics           20        34        39

                        20        27        44                                            26        37        38

                        14        34        43                                            18        41        33

                        21        32        50                                            26        42        35

                        23        34        43                                            18        33        42

                        14        35        48                                            25        34        42

                        15        28        52                                            23        43        38

Test the hypothesis for both main effects and interactions.

Present the means and SD for each level of each factor

Present the ANOVA source table with all relevant statistics using SPSS.

Explanation / Answer

Main Effects:

There is no significant difference between Sight and Phonics as the p-value is 0.914, which is greater than 0.05.

Between the grades K grade 1 and grade 2 there is a significant difference, the p-value associated with it is 0.000 less than 0.05.

Interactions: The interaction is also significant as the p-value genrated is 0.000 which is less tahn 0.05.

SUMMARY K Grade1 Grade2 Total Count 10 10 10 30 Sum 178 312 470 960 Average 17.8 31.2 47 32 Variance 12.4 17.29 9.56 159.52 Count 10 10 10 30 Sum 214 375 368 957 Average 21.4 37.5 36.8 31.9 Variance 12.04 13.61 12.18 68.85 Total Count 20 20 20 Sum 392 687 838 Average 19.6 34.35 41.9 Variance 14.99 25.08 37.67 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Sample 0.15 1 0.15 0.012 0.914 4.020 Columns 5145.7 2 2572.85 200.280 0.000 3.168 Interaction 783.3 2 391.65 30.487 0.000 3.168 Within 693.7 54 12.85 Total 6622.85 59

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