Noroviruses cause roughly 21 million cases of gastroenteritis (\"stomach flu\")

Question

Noroviruses cause roughly 21 million cases of gastroenteritis ("stomach flu") annually in the United States. A study examined the effectiveness of a new norovirus vaccine. Healthy adult volunteers received. at random, either the vaccine or a placebo. They were then exposed to the norovirus. In all, 14 of the 38 vaccinated subjects suffered from gastroenteritis compared with 27 of the 39 subjects who received a placebo. This is an example of a(n) a. case-control observational study b. matched pairs or repeated measures experiment. c. completely randomized experiment. d. experiment with a block design. Are patches more effective than oral medication in helping individuals stop smoking? Two researchers had 22 people who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, with 11 people assigned to each. The subjects were monitored for six weeks, during which they received treatment every day-a new Patch for subjects in the first group and a single pill for subjects in the second group. The researchers reported that subjects wearing the patches were less likely to quit smoking, although the difference was not statistically significant. This study is a(n) a. convenience sample. b. observational study. c. experiment, but not a double-blind experiment. d. double-blind experiment. A researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between sugar consumption and weight gain for high school students. Fifteen volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group contained six volunteers who were put on a low-sugar diet. The second group consisting of the remaining nine volunteers was put on a diet with sugar constituting approximately 15% of their diet. After eight weeks, the change in weight was recorded for each of the volunteers. The response is the a. percent of sugar in the diet. b. eight-week time period. c. assignment to groups. d. change in weight. A researcher is interested in investigating the relationship between sugar consumption and weight gain for high school students. Fifteen volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group contained six volunteers who were put on a low sugar diet. The second group consisting of the remaining nine volunteers was put on a diet with sugar constituting approximately 15% of their diet. After eight weeks, the change in weight was recorded for each of the volunteers.

Explanation / Answer

31) (c) It is a completely Randomised experiment.

32) (c) An experiment, but not a double blind experiment (Since identity is known to both researchers and subjects)

33) (d) The response is the change in weight as it is the weight which is being measured or observed.

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