To test the hypothesis in exercise 8. the admissions counselors select a random
ID: 3227440 • Letter: T
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To test the hypothesis in exercise 8. the admissions counselors select a random sample of freshmen and compare their scores on the SAT with those of the population of upperclassmen. They find that the freshmen do in fact have a higher mean SAT score. However, they are unaware that the sample of freshmen was not representative of all freshmen at Brainy University. In fact, the sample overrepresented those with high scores and underrepresented those with low scores. What type of error (Type I or Type II) did the counselors make? A researcher believes that family size has increased in the past decade in comparison to the previous decade-that is, people are now having more children than they were before. What are the null and alternative hypotheses in a study designed to assess this? Is this a one- or two-tailed hypothesis test? What are the appropriate H_0 and H_a for each of the following research studies? In addition, note whether the hypothesis test is one- or two-tailed. A study in which researchers want to test whether there is a difference in spatial ability between left- and right-handed people A study in which researchers want to test whether nurses who work 8-hour shifts deliver higher-quality care than those who work 12-hour shifts A study in which researchers want to determine whether crate-training puppies is superior to training without a crate Assume that each of the following conclusions represents an error in hypothesis testing. Indicate whether each of the statements is a Type I or II error. Based on the data, the null hypothesis is rejected. There is no significant difference in quality of care between nurses who work 8- and 12-hour shifts. There is a significant difference between right- and left-handers in their ability to perform a spatial task. The researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis based on these data. How do inferential statistics differ from descriptive statistics?Explanation / Answer
11) a) Null hypothesis = H0 = There is no difference in the spatial ability between left and right handed people
Alternative hypothesis = Ha = There is difference in the spatial ability between left and right handed people
This is a two tailed test.
b) Null hypothesis = H0 = Nurses who work 8 hour shifts deliver the same quality care than those who work 12 hour shifts.
Alternative hypothesis = Ha = Nurses who work 8 hour shifts deliver higher quality care than those who work 12 hour shifts.
This is a one tailed test.
c) Null hypothesis = H0 = Crate training puppies is same as puppies who trian without a crate
Alternative hypothesis = Ha = Crate training puppies is superior to training without a crate
This is a one tailed test
12. Type 1 error is when we incorreclty reject the null hypothesis.
Type 2 error is when we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
a) This is a type 1 error.
b) This is a type 2 error.
c) This is a type 1 error.
d) This is a type 2 error.
13. Descriptive statistics provides information about the data in some manner like mean, median, standard deviation, variance, min, max, skewness, kurtosis, quantiles etc. We can create charts, tables, graphs to represnt descriptive stats visually. Whereas inferential statistics aims at drawing conclusions about population based on analysis on some sample. It gives probabilities.
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