Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

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Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the United States, there is a strong relationship between education and smoking: well-educated people are less likely to smoke. Does a similar relationship hold in France? Here is a two-way table of the level of education and smoking status (nonsmoker, former smoker, moderate smoker, heavy smoker) of a sample of 454 French men aged 20 to 60 years. The subjects are a random sample of men who visited a health center for a routine checkup. We are willing to consider them an SRS of men from their region of Franco. (a) Fill in the blanks in the table below with the conditional probabilities of smoking status given the level of education. Use 2 decimal places. (b) Fill in the blanks below with the conditional probabilities that would make level of education and smoking status independent.

Explanation / Answer

Part-a and b have same answers as follows:

Smoking Status Education Nonsmoekr Former Moderate Heavy Total Primary 29.73% 28.11% 21.62% 20.54% 100.00% Secondary 26.81% 32.61% 18.84% 21.74% 100.00% University 38.93% 20.61% 29.01% 11.45% 100.00%

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Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

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Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

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