Suppose that a study has revealed a correlation of-0.898 between the time spent

Question

Suppose that a study has revealed a correlation of-0.898 between the time spent watching TV and verbal ability amongst a large number of kindergarten girls. The study was carried out using verbal test scores and by asking the girls' parents about the girls' TV-watching habits. Which of the following can NOT be concluded about these girls from the information given? (You may assume that the parents have been accurate in their reporting of the girls' TV-watching habits.) (A) There is a strong linear relationship between the time spent watching TV and the test scores. (B) Most of the variability in the test scores can be explained by a linear relationship between time spent watching TV and test scores. (C) Generally a large amount of TV-watching was associated with low test scores. (D) Generally a small amount of TV-watching was associated with high test scores. E) Watching a large amount of TV has caused low test scores.

Explanation / Answer

The first statement is true since the absolute value of r is close to 1.

The second statemtent is true since variability that can be explained is 0.899^2 = 80%

The third and fourth statements are true since the correlation coefficient is large and negative in sign

The fifth statement is false since correlation does not imply causality

For the second question, the correct answer is C since the results of control group will give information about placebo effects etc.

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