44.) With respect to t -tests, within-subjects designs utilizing the t -statisti
ID: 3237948 • Letter: 4
Question
44.) With respect to t-tests, within-subjects designs utilizing the t-statistic:
a. include one sample, in which each participant is measured more than once
b. include one sample, in which each participant is measured only once
c. include two samples, in which each participant is measured more than once
d. include two samples, in which each participant is measured only once
Chapter 11: The t-test for two related samples
45.) A repeated measures t-test may be used for which type of research design?
a. between-subjects
b. matched-subjects
c. within-subjects
d. both answers b and c
46.) Which of the following are advantages of repeated measures t-tests over independent measures t-tests?
a. more subjects are needed for equivalent degrees of statistical power
b. the influence of individual differences on treatment effects are better controlled for
c. treatment effects that occur over time are more easily studied
d. both answers b and c
47.) A primary disadvantage of repeated-measures t-tests is:
a. there is no way to control for individual differences
b. the order in which treatments are presented (or practice) may influence the treatment effect
c. less subjects are needed for equivalent degrees of statistical power
d. these designs have NO disadvantages
48.) D-scores measure differences between:
a. two separate raw scores from two separate samples
b. two related raw scores from the same individual
c. three separate raw scores from three separate samples
d. none of the above
Chapter 12: Introduction to ANOVA
49.) In which situation will an F-ratio (F-statistic) be the SMALLEST?
a. when systematic variability is high and unsystematic variability is high
b. when systematic variability is high and unsystematic variability is low
c. when systematic variability is low and unsystematic variability is high
d. none of the above
50.) All of the following are true of post-hoc tests EXCEPT:
a. they are conducted when the overall ANOVA F-test is significant
b. they are conducted when the overall ANOVA F-test is not significant
c. they allow the detection of exactly which means significantly differ from one another
d. the mean pair comparisons are also known as pairwise comparisons
51.) All of the following are assumptions of the independent measures ANOVA EXCEPT:
a. observations within and between each treatment condition are independent
b. the populations that were sampled from are normal
c. heterogeneity of variance between populations exists (variances are significantly different)
d. homogeneity of variance between populations exists (variances are not significantly different)
52.) The test statistic for an ANOVA is actually a ratio of values and is noted by (F). In independent- measures ANOVAs, ________ comprises the numerator of this ratio, whereas ________ comprises the denominator of this ratio.
a. MSwithin treatments; MSbetween treatments
b. variancewithin treatments; variancebetween treatments
c. variancebetween treatments; variancewithin treatments
d. both answers a and b
53.) With respect to the distribution of F-ratios, ______ is approximately the value for this distribution's mean, whereas ______ is the shape of this distribution.
a. 0.00; normal
b. 0.00; positively skewed
c. 1.00; negatively skewed
d. 1.00; positively skewed
54.) In which situation MUST you run an ANOVA instead of a t-test?
a. when two samples are being compared, each in one treatment condition
b. when one sample is being compared under two different treatment conditions
c. when one sample is being compared to a population mean
d. when three or more samples are being compared, each in one treatment condition
Chapter 13: Repeated Measures ANOVA
55.) The test statistic for an ANOVA is a ratio of values and is noted by (F). In repeated- measures ANOVAs, which factor (source of variance) is controlled for automatically in the numerator of this ratio, and can also be quantified and removed in the denominator?
a. order effects
b. individual differences
c. practice effects
d. treatment effects
56.) In relation to Question 55, what is the term for this quantified and removed factor (source of variability)?
a. SSbetween treatments
b. SSbetween subjects
c. SSwithin treatments
d. SSerror
57.) How does MSerror differ from MSwithin treatments?
a. MSerror includes variance attributed to treatment effects
b. MSwithin treatments excludes variance attributed to individual differences
c. MSerror excludes variance attributed to individual differences
d. both answers b and c
58.) How does a repeated measures ANOVA differ from an independent measures ANOVA?
a. repeated measures ANOVAs utilize two or more separate samples
b. repeated measures ANOVAs utilize one sample
c. repeated measures ANOVAs utilize two or more treatment conditions
d. both answers a and c
Explanation / Answer
Ans 44
include one sample, in which each participant is measured only once
Ans45 c. within-subjects
Ans46 b. the influence of individual differences on treatment effects are better controlled for
Ans47 b. the influence of individual differences on treatment effects are better controlled for
Ans48 b. two related raw scores from the same individual
Ans49 c. when systematic variability is low and unsystematic variability is high
Ans50b. they are conducted when the overall ANOVA F-test is not significant
Ans51c. heterogeneity of variance between populations exists (variances are significantly different)
Ans52 c. variancebetween treatments; variancewithin treatments
Ans53
d. 1.00; positively skewed
Ans54 d. when three or more samples are being compared, each in one treatment condition
Ans55 b. individual differences
Ans56 c. SSwithin treatments
Ans57 c. MSerror excludes variance attributed to individual differences
Ans58 b. repeated measures ANOVAs utilize one sample
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