motivation theories: The need-based category: (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ERG
ID: 325173 • Letter: M
Question
motivation theories:
The need-based category: (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, ERG theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, and McClelland’s acquired needs theory) The process-based theories: (equity theory, expectancy theory, and reinforcement theory). Also, (job design and goal setting as motivational strategies). I need a brief explanation of these theories and example ( which of the company follow these theories) of each of them. Is should be a concise, intermediate level, clear, and simple.
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Explanation / Answer
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
This is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow. It is a motivation theory which has divided the human wants in to 5 different categories in a pyramid style. Each needs are explained well in different stages. They are
Physiological needs – The basic needs
Safety needs – Needs to be safe in the society
Belongingness and love needs – Needs for Relationship
Esteem needs – Needs of prestige
Self-actualization needs – Achieving one’s full potential
This theory has been adopted by the company Benz
ERG Theory
The ERG theory is proposed by Clayton Alderfer. This is Existence, Relatedness and Growth theory (ERG). This theory has been explained based on the needs of an individual to exist in the society which is psychological and physical safety needs. Relatedness talks about the individual’s personal relationship like family, friends in the society and the Growth needs talk about self-development, self-actualization needs. In this scenario managers in the company needs to understand that, an individual would have more than 1 needs and satisfying one of the needs does not satisfy the employee. All the needs have to be looked at by the managers. This has been adopted by the company Southwest Airlines.
Herzberg’s two-factor theory,
This theory was proposed by Frederick Herzberg. In his theory Herzberg has classified the job factors in to 2 categories.
Hygiene factor – These are the factors which area basic necessity to perform the job in an organization like salary, Fringe benefits, Physical working condition, status, Interpersonal relations and job security.
Motivation factors – They are the ones which keeps the employees motivated in the system like rewards, promotions, more responsibility, making employees feel they are important.
As per this theory, it is very important for the management to take care of both the needs to ensure employees are happy in the system and this theory has been adopted by Deloitte
McClelland’s acquired needs theory
This was developed by David McClelland. In this theory David has specified that human needs keeps changing based on the lifetime experiences they come across. Hence the needs have been categorized in three different ways – Achievement, Affiliation & power. It is again there are people who would like to achieve bigger in life and there are people who really gives importance for relationships and few gives more importance for power. Hence one should understand a person and work with them accordingly when in a management team. Per my observation Google Company use this concept in their management.
Equity Theory
Equity theory was developed by Stacy Adams. This theory calls for an equality between what is being delivered should be reflected in the employee’s output such as salary benefits, recognition & ownership. This theory talk more about being transparent and treat everyone equally in the organization. When this is done all the employees in the organization will be happy. This theory has been strongly adopted by company Ernst & Young.
Expectancy theory
Expectancy theory talks about individuals behaves in a certain way because they are motivated to certain specific behaviour over the other behaviour. It explains the mental process where an individual undergoes to makes choices. This theory focus more on relating the rewards directly to the performance. This theory is being adopted by the company Accenture and I have seen it when I have worked.
Reinforcement theory
This theory talks about someone’s behaviour can be changed based on reinforcement, punishment and extinction. If the rewards can reinforce the behaviour even the punishment is used to prevent the behaviour and Extinction is used to stop performing a learned behaviour by anyone. This theory can be divided in to positive and negative reinforcement. This is being used by the company GE.
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