(Please read the article and answer those 3 questions because they all one part)
ID: 3271660 • Letter: #
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(Please read the article and answer those 3 questions because they all one part)
Acrobat Reader File Edit View Window Help Q3U.S. 3696D, Mon 12:50 PM E An Economic Perspective on the reliability of lighting systems in building with highly effivcient energy (2).pdf F. Salata A de Lieto Vollaro, A. Ferraro A B S TRACT The perScrmance af 'ghtng 9/stem must be cakalated in order to determine the nergy requirements of the building in the noemcive EN 12464-1areestabished lig h ing requiremenes which have effects on e y needs. The European ifanda d [EN 1 51 3] provides guidance an that evaluatin. The easier way tocomply with reduction ofenergy reqairements leadstothe replacement of radtional lamps with LED ones, but we caulate also the sediablty parameters the economik eturn is not guaranteed Usihg belogaphic data we have comparedlighting'sresults for a museum(LED lamps versus CL and halogen lamps The objective function of the study is to optimize the enegy consimpton o light ing sys terms, but at the same time to asess the reluabllty (MTTF cif the lamp! of the systems without a cul- rate irformation abo this last par meters the nght chace of the Lr ps cannot be dne surnfully consumed energy and Raches the 24% of the electric energy. The commercial building section n turn has an incidence of 33% of In order to respect the enery saving normative established by the whole energy required from the civil building section. the building sector regarding the field oflighring-technique 1-4. In Sweden the Swedish Energy Agency furnishes percentages the best solution is to subattute those systems daracterized by which “respond to the 23% of the whole eloctric consumptions low efficient light sources with systems which with the sameIn Italy the energy cons umption for lighting systems has an luminous nux, consume less energy The most recent data show how the 7% of primary energy resource, in the developed countries, incidence of 16 4% of the whole of the energy Rquirements for the 7.2% of the worldwide energy consumptions; while the Recere studies show tha we coud have an energy saving of electrik energy consumed for illuminating engneering purposes two-figure percentage with a technological transition from cur- has an incidence of the 19%of the eectric energy consumed i 111- Particularly, incommecial buildings the Eghting system has an tems (depending on the held we are interested in, whether the incidence on the eleark energy required with percentagns th go rently used lighting systems, to more highly energy eficient sys- from 20% to 4S,121 rsidential or business sector), Such data should be taken into con- sideration both by the scientific community and by those engi- Tackling such consumptions, by optimizing and operating in the lghting systems, in conditions where all requiemnts are fuled For the right evaluation of the incidence of energy consumption an bring to enormous amounts of cnergy savings 13-16.Many rdlated to the lighting equirements in thedeveloped countries, the studies daim that it can be possible to have reductions until statktis data farnished should be examined, According to the LiS wo-igire number, Forexample, according to Trifunovic[ 13] such Department ofEnergy 7] the energy used for lighting has an io, sangs could stabilize between the 27% and 30% of the present dence ofthe 7% of the whole energy consumption and reaches the cnsumptins, whereas acord ngtD Mortimer | 14] we could have 18if we just take into consideration the electric energy. In the 25% saving by substituting the tungsten lamps for the halogen Canada Is the energy consumed for the lighting system n con- ones or we could have a 75% by replacing the tungsten lamps with mercial buildings has annad ence ofthe 10% ofthe whole ofthis the compact fluorescent ones and a 10% by sub titing the nuorescen mps, charactered by a 38 mm tube, Sor lamps which Cotrepondrigaulher.Address: Via Eudaliana, 18. 001 84 Rrne, luly. Tel+39 In a more general way, Santamouris 116] says that f the most eneigivore lamps curently used were substnated for light sousces 4 1Explanation / Answer
1. What was affecting the reliability of the light source?
The reliability of the light souce is influenced by the diode source, the printed circuit, thermal dissiapators, power supplies, and optical devices.
2. Was the economic return justified by the assessment of reliability?
No, the economic return is not justified by the assessment of reliability.
3.
Mere energy savings over time does not suffice if the maintenance cost, of ordinary and extraordinary occurences, exceeds such savings, and hence the statement of the authors.
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