Researchers wanted to assess whether men engaged in the manufacture of chemical

Question

Researchers wanted to assess whether men engaged in the manufacture of chemical X had a higher risk of cancer than those who were not. They began by constructing a list of all men who had ever been employed in any industry that chemical X was used in the United States for at least six months since 1920. The age and the dates between which exposure to chemical X occurred were recorded. A search was made retrospectively for all cancer cases occurring among men who had been employed in the industry, in or after 1921 until 1 February 1952. The number of observed cancer cases among the workers that had been exposed to chemical X was then compared with the number that had not been exposed.

i. What type of study is this? Please be specific.

ii. What is the appropriate measure of association?

iii. It was found that those who were exposed to chemical X were 4.8 times more likely to develop cancer. Can we conclude that chemical X causes cancer? Explain your answer.

Explanation / Answer

i. What type of study is this? Please be specific.

THe study is an observational study.

ii. What is the appropriate measure of association?

Here measure of association are Ratio measures. where we will calculate difference between chemical exposure of population sample.

iii. It was found that those who were exposed to chemical X were 4.8 times more likely to develop cancer. Can we conclude that chemical X causes cancer? Explain your answer.

We can't conclude it statistically because we don't know the sample size here. But we can conclude it from effect size that  chemical X causes cancer.

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