Researchers studied the effects of smoking and infant transforming growth factor

Question

Researchers studied the effects of smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) alleles in an ethnically homogenous setting to determine their possible association with nonsyndrome cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Medical histories and interview information were obtained for mothers of 302 CLP cases and for 567 mothers of non-malformed children. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking was associated with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval 0.99 – 2.00), whereas TGFA was not associated with CLP.

a. Study Design

b. Exposure

c. Outcome

d. Advantage

Explanation / Answer

a.Study Design- Case control study
b.Exposure-mothers who were exposed to smoking were the cases i.e 302 CLP
c.Outcome-smoking was associated with cleft lip and /or cleft palate and TGFA not associated with CLP through Multivariate logistic regression analysis.
d.Advantage-this study results can be used to support the statement that,mothers who exposes to smoking ,will results in (malformation)cleft lip/cleft palate for the children.

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