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A particular auto manufacturer ships their finished cars by rail. Before loading

ID: 3301761 • Letter: A

Question

A particular auto manufacturer ships their finished cars by rail. Before loading cars on any particular railcar, it is inspected for certain problems. At the auto manufacturer's discretion, they can reject a railcar and not use it. The auto manufacturer claims that the number of railcars rejected is not only unacceptably high, but is very erratic. Below are the results of 15 consecutive days of operation Each day, the total number of railcars inspected and the total number rejected is recorded (notice all 15 values of "number inspected" are different) # of Railcars # of Railcars InspectedRe iected Day 115 221 209 227 215 256 443 365 253 299 281 330 340 226 293 4073 2 4 6 18 25 21 15 46 43 7 35 30 37 42 12 15 Totals 412

Explanation / Answer

Solution

Let ni = number of railcars inspected and xi = number of railcars rejected on day i, i = 1,2,….,15

Back-up Theory

Central Line for p-chart = pbar = {[1,15]xi}/{[1,15]ni}

Control Limits for the ith day:

LCL = pbar - 3{pbar(1 – pbar)/ni}

UCL = pbar + 3{pbar(1 – pbar)/ni}

Part (b)

The central line = pbar = {[1,15]xi}/{[1,15]ni} = 412/4073 = 0.1012 ANSWER 1

Control Limits for the first day:

LCL = pbar - 3{pbar(1 – pbar)/n1}

        = 0.1012 – 3{(0.1012 x 0.8988)/115}

        = 0.1012 – 0.0281

        = 0.0731

UCL = pbar + 3{pbar(1 – pbar)/n1}

         = 0.1012 + 0.0281

        = 0.1293

p1 = 16/115 = 0.1391> 0.1293 => out of control situation ANSWER 2

Part (c)

The LCL, UCL and control status for each day are tabulated below:

pbar =

0.1012

pbar(1 - pbar) =

0.090959

day (i)

xi

ni

pi

LCL

UCL

pi status

1

16

115

0.13913

0.073076

0.129324

pi > UCL

2

18

221

0.081448

0.080913

0.121487

3

25

209

0.119617

0.080338

0.122062

4

21

227

0.092511

0.081183

0.121217

5

19

215

0.088372

0.080632

0.121768

6

15

256

0.058594

0.08235

0.12005

pi < LCL

7

46

443

0.103837

0.086871

0.115529

8

43

365

0.117808

0.085414

0.116986

pi > UCL

9

13

253

0.051383

0.082239

0.120161

pi < LCL

10

35

299

0.117057

0.083758

0.118642

11

30

281

0.106762

0.083208

0.119192

12

37

330

0.112121

0.084598

0.117802

13

42

340

0.123529

0.084844

0.117556

pi > UCL

14

19

226

0.084071

0.081138

0.121262

15

33

293

0.112628

0.083581

0.118819

As is clear from the above table, 5 out of 15 pi’s are out of limits, this is very high, 33%.

Further, these out-of-limits pi’s also do not follow any pattern, suggesting enough evidence to conclude that the railcars’ behavior is quite erratic. ANSWER

Part (d)

The valuable information contained in the above table would be the basis for initiating corrective actions.

As a first step, it would be worthwhile to eliminate the out-of-control pi’s and revise the limits. Using these as preliminary limits, the process can be brought under some sort of stability and then final limits can be drawn up for perpetual control.

DONE

pbar =

0.1012

pbar(1 - pbar) =

0.090959

day (i)

xi

ni

pi

LCL

UCL

pi status

1

16

115

0.13913

0.073076

0.129324

pi > UCL

2

18

221

0.081448

0.080913

0.121487

3

25

209

0.119617

0.080338

0.122062

4

21

227

0.092511

0.081183

0.121217

5

19

215

0.088372

0.080632

0.121768

6

15

256

0.058594

0.08235

0.12005

pi < LCL

7

46

443

0.103837

0.086871

0.115529

8

43

365

0.117808

0.085414

0.116986

pi > UCL

9

13

253

0.051383

0.082239

0.120161

pi < LCL

10

35

299

0.117057

0.083758

0.118642

11

30

281

0.106762

0.083208

0.119192

12

37

330

0.112121

0.084598

0.117802

13

42

340

0.123529

0.084844

0.117556

pi > UCL

14

19

226

0.084071

0.081138

0.121262

15

33

293

0.112628

0.083581

0.118819

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