Case Study – Ebola Virus Disease Recovery Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly kn

Question

Case Study – Ebola Virus Disease Recovery

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The World Health Organization estimates that the probability of any one person’s recovery from the infection with Ebola virus is 0.10 (WHO, 2014).

Consider a scenario where a voluntary sample of 25 unrelated people known to be infected with EVD are recruited from a large population, with no chance of infecting each other.

News Brief - Intravenous fluids and antibiotics may increase chance of recovery from Ebola Virus.

Outbreaks of EVD happen in places where it's very challenging to deliver medical care. Even though no specific treatment exists for this very lethal virus, with supportive care, field physicians have reported much better outcomes. Recent reports from field physicians suggest that rapid interventions such as intravenous fluids and antibiotics can increase the probability of any one person’s recovery from the infection with Ebola virus.

Consider a scenario where a voluntary sample of 25 unrelated people known to be infected with EVD are recruited from a large population, with no chance of infecting each other but now they are able to receive immediate intravenous fluids (IV) and care to balance electrolytes (body salts). IV treatment is thought to increase the probability for any single patient's recovery. Select the appropriate alternative hypothesis.

Select one:

a. < 0.10

b. > 0.10

c. = 0.10

d. 0.10

Suppose we observe that 5 of the 25 patients recover with IV care. Calculate the p-value.

*Round your probability estimate the third decimal digit from the decimal point (e.g. thousandths digit).

Based on our sample, using a significance level of 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the true proportion of patients who recover on IV fluids is 0.10, the same as without IV fluids.

Select one:

True

False

Consider the following probability scenario.

A technician is testing a single, randomly selected health worker for EVD. The health worker's test screening will only yield a positive or negative result for EVD infection. Does this bold statement describe the independence or mutual exclusion property of probability?

Select one:

a. Mutual Exclusion

b. Independence

c. This has nothing to do with mutual exclusion or independence because it is the chances of selecting only one health worker randomly.

Consider another probability scenario.

A technician screening for EVD randomly selects one health worker from two different geographically separated regions. The technician assumes that the health status of the first health worker has no effect on the health status of the second health worker. Does this example demonstrate the mutual exclusion property or the independence property of probability?

Select one:

a. Mutual Exclusion

b. Independence

c. This scenario does not demonstrate the properties of mutual exclusion or independence.

Symbol Numeric Value y ______ : _____ n ______ ______ 1- ______ P() ______

Explanation / Answer

1) Alternative Hypothesis : d) not equal 0.10

2) p-value= 0.8743

we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the true proportion of patients who recover on IV fluids is 0.10, the same as without IV fluids.

TRUE

3) Mutually Exclusice

4) Independence

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