The New York Times did a special report on polling that was carried in papers ac

Question

The New York Times did a special report on polling that was carried in papers across the nation. The article pointed out how readily the results of a survey can be manipulated. Some features that can influence the results of a poll include the following: the number of possible responses, the phrasing of the question, the sampling techniques used (voluntary response or sample designed to be representative), the fact that words may mean different things to different people, the questions that precede the question of interest, and finally, the fact that respondents can offer opinions on issues they know nothing about.

(a) Consider the expression "over the last few years." Do you think that this expression means the same time span to everyone?

Yes, "few" always refers to 3. Thus, the last 3 years. Yes, "few" always refers to 4. Thus, the last 4 years.     No, it could mean 2 years, 3 years, 7 years, etc.

What would be a more precise phrase?

"In the past" "Over the past 5 years"     "Recently" "Over the past several years"

(b) Consider this question: "Do you think fines for running stop signs should be doubled?" Do you think the response would be different if the question "Have you ever run a stop sign?" preceded the question about fines?
3

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(c) Consider this question: "Do you watch too much television?" What do you think the responses would be if the only responses possible were yes or no?
4

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What do you think the responses would be if the possible responses were rarely, sometimes, or frequently?

Explanation / Answer

A) No, it could mean 2 years, 3 years, 7 years, etc.

B) Yes, the response would vary if the question was preceded by "Have you ever run a stop sign?"

More people would tend to say no to doubling the fines after answering yes to the preceding question.

C) The response would be no from most people as the term too much is not well defined. According to different individual's interpretation, too much can have different values. If the question can be answered with 'rarely' , 'sometimes' or 'frequently', still there is uncertainty and hence, people may chose the option 'sometimes' or 'rarely'

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