QUESTION 12 One important reason lipids will spontaneously aggregate in an aqueo

Question

QUESTION 12

One important reason lipids will spontaneously aggregate in an aqueous environment is:

Cations and anions in water electrostatically bind to the lipid molecules, pulling them together

Strongly related to pH. For example, at any pH either above or below the normal resting ECF value of 7.4, lipids cannot aggregate.

Lipid molecules covalently bind to the polar ends of water molecules

Lipid aggregation allows a more random distribution of H2O molecules

2.5 points   

QUESTION 13

Kinase proteins do what?

Phosphorylate molecules

Remove acetate groups from proteins

Isomerize molecules

Primarily act as ligands which bind to plasma membrane receptors

Transport molecules across membranes in opposite directions

2.5 points   

QUESTION 14

Covalent modification (post-translational modification) of a protein:

Always activates the protein

Often involves the addition or removal of phosphate molecules sharing electrons with the amino acids tyrosine, threonine, or serine in the protein

Always inhibits the protein

Always increases the Vmax (maximum catalytic potential) of the protein but deceases the KM

Both A and D are correct

QUESTION 26

This ion

Cations and anions in water electrostatically bind to the lipid molecules, pulling them together

Strongly related to pH. For example, at any pH either above or below the normal resting ECF value of 7.4, lipids cannot aggregate.

Lipid molecules covalently bind to the polar ends of water molecules

Lipid aggregation allows a more random distribution of H2O molecules

Explanation / Answer

1)Strongly related to pH. For example, at any pH either above or below the normal resting ECF value of 7.4, lipids cannot aggregate.

2) Remove acetate groups from proteins

3) Often involves the addition or removal of phosphate molecules sharing electrons with the amino acids tyrosine, threonine, or serine in the protein

4) Na+

5) Na+ can diffuse up its electrochemical gradient (positive delta G) from cell to ECF as long as its movement is coupled to the movement of another molecule, which is also diffusing up its electrochemical gradient

6) Non-ox glycolysis = 1, complete combustion = 3

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