16. A study concluded in 1988 by the Steering Committee of the Physician\'s Heal
ID: 3322461 • Letter: 1
Question
16. A study concluded in 1988 by the Steering Committee of the Physician's Health Study Research Group sought to determine the effects of aspirin on reducing the likelihood of heart attack in adults over 40 years old. Subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group (receiving a daily dose of aspirin) and a placebo group (receiving an identical but inert pill) The following data was included in the group's findings. Aspirin Placebo Column Total Heart Attack No Heart Attack Total 11,037 11,034 22,071 139 239 378 10,898 10,795 21,693 Source: New England Journal of Medicine (a) Find the probability of having a heart attack. Round to four decimal places. (b) Find the probability of having a heart attack given that the patient has been taking a daily dose of aspirin. Round to four decimal places.Explanation / Answer
Probability of having a heart attack
= Number of subjects having heart attack / Total number of subjects
=Column total under heart attack / Grand Total
= 378 / 22071 = 0.0171
Probability of having a heart attack = 0.01712
Probability of having an heart attack given that the patient has been taking a daily dose of asprin
= Number of subject having heart attack and has been taking a daily dose of asprin / Total number of subjects hs been taking a daily dose of asprin
= Cell value under row: Asprin and column: heart attack / Column total of asprin
= 139/11037 = 0.0126
Probability of having an heart attack given that the patient has been taking a daily dose of asprin = 0.01259
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