A researcher’s sample was comprised of 60 randomly selected third graders from a

Question

A researcher’s sample was comprised of 60 randomly selected third graders from an urban elementary school. Next, 30 students were randomly assigned to Treatment Group 1 and 30 students to Treatment Group 2. Those in Group 1 watched a video in which cartoon characters displayed aggressive behaviors while students in Group 2 watched a video with non-aggressive cartoon characters. Both groups were assessed at pre- and post-test in regards to their levels of aggression. Pre-test results indicated there was no significant difference in their levels of aggression. However, post-test results showed a significant difference in their levels of aggression (t= 5.55; p= 0.012). Children in Group 1 had higher levels of aggression (mean = 85.5) compared to those on Group 2 (mean = 55.0). Given these results, what conclusions can be made?

a) Results of the post-test are solely attributable to the intervention (i.e., no other explanation is possible).

b) Results of the study are not generalizable to the population.

c) Results demonstrate strong internal validity because the study used a two group pre- and post-test comparison design.

d) None of the above

Results of an independent samples t-test that was conducted to determine if there was a significant difference in levels of stress between male and female employees of Agency SOS were as follows: t= 1.98; p= 0.45. As such, what conclusions can be made?

a) Results indicated females had higher levels of stress than males.

b) Results indicated males had higher levels of stress than females.

c) The null hypothesis should be rejected.

d) The null hypothesis should be retained.

a) Results of the post-test are solely attributable to the intervention (i.e., no other explanation is possible).

b) Results of the study are not generalizable to the population.

c) Results demonstrate strong internal validity because the study used a two group pre- and post-test comparison design.

d) None of the above

Results of an independent samples t-test that was conducted to determine if there was a significant difference in levels of stress between male and female employees of Agency SOS were as follows: t= 1.98; p= 0.45. As such, what conclusions can be made?

a) Results indicated females had higher levels of stress than males.

b) Results indicated males had higher levels of stress than females.

c) The null hypothesis should be rejected.

d) The null hypothesis should be retained.

Explanation / Answer

Solution:-

1) c) Results demonstrate strong internal validity because the study used a two group pre- and post-test comparison design.

2) d) The null hypothesis should be retained.

Since the p-value (0.45) is greater than significance level (0.05), hence we have to accept the null hypothesis.

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