Disease Status Sex Case Control Total Gelding 29 41 70 Mare 28 32 60 Stallion 5
ID: 3326794 • Letter: D
Question
Disease Status
Sex
Case
Control
Total
Gelding
29
41
70
Mare
28
32
60
Stallion
5
2
7
Total
62
75
137
Someone asked the question whether horses that are not sexually altered (mares and stallions) are more prone to enteroliths. Which probability(ies) would you calculate to answer that question?
Since 2000, the median wage in the United States has risen by 1%, while the median wage for every educational subgroup (high school dropouts, high school graduates, college graduates, and people with advanced degrees) has decreased. This apparent contradiction is an example of:
3. causation.
4. correlation.
A study was conducted on horses to identify factors that might contribute to the formation of enteroliths, stones that form in the colon of the horse and eventually lead to blockage and death. The table below summarizes disease status by sex (gelding, mare and stallion).Disease Status
Sex
Case
Control
Total
Gelding
29
41
70
Mare
28
32
60
Stallion
5
2
7
Total
62
75
137
Someone asked the question whether horses that are not sexually altered (mares and stallions) are more prone to enteroliths. Which probability(ies) would you calculate to answer that question?
Explanation / Answer
Result:
A study was conducted on horses to identify factors that might contribute to the formation of enteroliths, stones that form in the colon of the horse and eventually lead to blockage and death. The table below summarizes disease status by sex (gelding, mare and stallion).
Disease Status
Sex
Case
Control
Total
Gelding
29
41
70
Mare
28
32
60
Stallion
5
2
7
Total
62
75
137
Someone asked the question whether horses that are not sexually altered (mares and stallions) are more prone to enteroliths. Which probability(ies) would you calculate to answer that question?
1. the probability of being a mare or stallion
2.
the probability of being a mare or stallion among the cases and separately among the controls
3. the probability of being a case and the probability of being a control
Answer:
4. the probability of being a case conditional on being a mare or stallion and of being a case conditional on being a gelding
Since 2000, the median wage in the United States has risen by 1%, while the median wage for every educational subgroup (high school dropouts, high school graduates, college graduates, and people with advanced degrees) has decreased. This apparent contradiction is an example of:
Answer: Simpson's paradox
1.
extrapolation.
2. Simpson's paradox.
3. causation.
4. correlation.
A study was conducted on horses to identify factors that might contribute to the formation of enteroliths, stones that form in the colon of the horse and eventually lead to blockage and death. The table below summarizes disease status by sex (gelding, mare and stallion).
Disease Status
Sex
Case
Control
Total
Gelding
29
41
70
Mare
28
32
60
Stallion
5
2
7
Total
62
75
137
Someone asked the question whether horses that are not sexually altered (mares and stallions) are more prone to enteroliths. Which probability(ies) would you calculate to answer that question?
1. the probability of being a mare or stallion
2.
the probability of being a mare or stallion among the cases and separately among the controls
3. the probability of being a case and the probability of being a control
Answer:
4. the probability of being a case conditional on being a mare or stallion and of being a case conditional on being a gelding
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