Engineering biostatistics 7.31. Fluid Overload in Hemodialysis. The overload of

Question

Engineering biostatistics

7.31. Fluid Overload in Hemodialysis. The overload of fluid volume and hypertension are known to contribute to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in dialysis patients. The correct assessment of volume status is especially important as only a small increase in extracellular volume over prolonged periods of time can lead to a considerable cardiac strain and, as a consequence, to left ventricular hypertrophy. In clinical practice, volume overload is most often judged by a battery of clinical signs such as edema, dyspnea, hypertension, and coughing. A study by Ribitsch et al. (2012) compares volume overload in stable hemodialysis (HD) patients assessed by standard clinical judgment with data obtained from bioimpedance analysis. Data set hemodialysis. dat Imatlx1sx provides measurements on 28 HD patients (17 males and 11 females) from the dialysis unit of the Univer sity Medical Center Graz. The variables are described in the following

Explanation / Answer

Result:

a).

Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean

Data

Sample Standard Deviation

15.3630

Sample Mean

9.4714

Sample Size

28

Confidence Level

95%

Intermediate Calculations

Standard Error of the Mean

2.9033

Degrees of Freedom

27

t Value

2.0518

Interval Half Width

5.9571

Confidence Interval

Interval Lower Limit

3.5143

Interval Upper Limit

15.4286

b).

Descriptive statistics

Vo

n

28

mean

2.0821

sample standard deviation

1.4927

Confidence Interval Estimate for the Population Variance

Data

Sample Size

28

Sample Standard Deviation

1.4927

Confidence Level

90%

Intermediate Calculations

Degrees of Freedom

27

Sum of Squares

60.1601388

Single Tail Area

0.05

Lower Chi-Square Value

16.1514

Upper Chi-Square Value

40.1133

Results

Interval Lower Limit for Variance

1.4998

Interval Upper Limit for Variance

3.7248

c).

Number of cases with B1>B0= 9

n=28

Confidence Interval Estimate for the Proportion

Data

Sample Size

28

Number of Successes

9

Confidence Level

99%

Intermediate Calculations

Sample Proportion

0.321428571

Z Value

-2.5758

Standard Error of the Proportion

0.0883

Interval Half Width

0.2273

Confidence Interval

Interval Lower Limit

0.0941

Interval Upper Limit

0.5488

Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean

Data

Sample Standard Deviation

15.3630

Sample Mean

9.4714

Sample Size

28

Confidence Level

95%

Intermediate Calculations

Standard Error of the Mean

2.9033

Degrees of Freedom

27

t Value

2.0518

Interval Half Width

5.9571

Confidence Interval

Interval Lower Limit

3.5143

Interval Upper Limit

15.4286

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