56 In studying genetics, you will learn of the Hardy-Weinberg principle (also kn

Question

56 In studying genetics, you will learn of the Hardy-Weinberg principle (also known as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium). This rule allows us to predict gene frequencies between generations given specific assumptions (random mating, no mutations, infinite population size, no genetic migration and no natural section) Some genes have more than one form. These forms are called alleles. The sum of the frequencies of all of the alleles of a gene must equal 1. Why is this? a. b. This means if allele K has a frequency of p and allele C has a frequency of q then A genotype is a possible combination of alleles. So in our example of allele K and allele C, if the Hardy- Weinberg assumptions are true the possible combinations of alleles are KK, CK, KC, and CC. Note that senetically speaking, CK and KC are identical. c. If allele K has a probability of p and allele C has a probability of q what is: the probability of getting senotype KK? the probability of getting genotype CK? the probability of getting genotype KC? the probability of getting genotype CC? d. Now, using your knowledge of probability, all of the possible genotype outcomes listed above and math, what is the sum of all genotype probabilities in this example? (You may want to refer to your conclusion about the sum of all allele probabilities) e. Write the algebraic equation that expresses the sum of the genotype probabilities. f. In a given population the frequency of allele Kep and frequency of allele C-q From a sample of 100,000 persons, 35,000 persons have genotype KK Calculate the number of persons with genotype KC as well as CC

Explanation / Answer

Question 5

(a) As the definition of probability means that it tells the ratio of all outcomes related to query with the all possible outcomes that derives the result that sum of all Probabilities are always one.

(B) That mean K have frequency p and C has frequency q than,

p + q = 1

(c) Probability of getting KK = p2

Probability of getting CK = pq

Probability of getting KC = pq

Probability of getting CC = q2

(d) Here sum of all the possible genotype probabilities = p2 + pq + qp + q2 = p2 + 2pq + q2  = (p + q)2 =1

(e) The algebraic eequations

p2 + 2pq + q2 =1

(f) N= 100,000 person

KK = 35000

so Pr(KK) = 35000/ 100000 = 0.35

so p2 = 0.35

p = 0.5916

so q = 1 - 0.5916 = 0.4084

so, Pr(CC) = 0.40842 = 0.1668

Pr(KC) = 2 * 0.4084 * 0.5916 = 0.4832

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