MATH: statistic/ probalitity - need desperstely help with #23 (a-f) - Related qu

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MATH: statistic/ probalitity
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6 In 1988, the steering committee of the Physicians Health Study Research Group released the results of a five-year experiment conducted on over 22,000 male physicians aged 40 to 84. The research on this sample suggested that the participants who took an aspirin every other day had a lower rate of heart attacks. 6-23 Can you legitimately conclude from this study that aspirin reduces the risk of heart attacks for all people? Why or why not? a. b. Can you legitimately conclude from this study that aspirin reduces heart attacks c. Can you legitimately conclude from this study that aspirin is linked to reduced d. Can you legitimately conclude from this study that aspirin reduces heart attacks e. Can you legitimately conclude from this study that male physicians aged 40 for all men? Why or why not? heart attacks for all men aged 40 to 84? Why or why not? for male physicians aged 40 to 84? Why or why not? to 84 should take aspirin? Why or why not?

Explanation / Answer

(a) No. The mistake is: Generalization. Sample pertains to male phycians aged 40 to 84. But, conclusion is for all people.

(b) No. The mistake is Generalization. Sample pertains to male physicians aged 40 to 84. But, conclusion is for all men.

(c) No. The mistake is Generalization. Sample pertains to male physicians aged 40 to 84. But, conclusion is for all men aged 40 to 84.

(d) No. The mistake is: Insufficient sample size. Sample size is only n = 22,000. But, N = Population size is extremely large as the conclusion is for male physicians aged 40 and 84.

(e) No. As pointed out in (d), it is insufficient sample and conclusion is not dependable.

(f) Problems that will not produce accurate results:
(i) Non-response bias : We are restricing to people in a business office building. Others are excluded in the sample.

(ii) Self selection : People who have strong opinion will voluntaeer to answer the survey questions. Others not interested are left in the sample.

(iii) Self selection bias: Here, the survey is done only in one business office building at the discresion of the surveyor.

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