19. In the following experiments, identify the independent variable, the conditi

Question

19. In the following experiments, identify the independent variable, the conditions, and the dependent variable: (a) studying whether final exam scores are influenced by whether concur- rent background music is soft, loud, or absent; (b) comparing students from small, medium, and large colleges with respect to how much fun they have during the semester; (c) studying whether being first-, second-, or third-born is related to intelligence; (d) studying whether length of daily exposure to a sunlamp (15 versus 60 minutes) accounts for differences in depression; (e) studying whether being in a room with blue walls, green walls, or red walls influences aggressive behavior in adolescents

Explanation / Answer

EXPLANATION: Dependent variable: the objective of study of the researcher

Independent variable: the variable which is varied in order to study its impact on the objective

Condition: the various alternatives sudied by the researcher on the independent variable

(a)

(i) Independent variable: final exam scores

(ii) Dependent variable: concurrent background music

(iii) Conditions: soft, loud or absent

(b)

(i) Independent variable: How much fun the students have during the semester

(ii) Dependent variable: students

(iii) Conditions: small, medium and large colleges

(c)

(i) Independent variable: intelligence

(ii) Dependent variable: born child

(iii) Condition: first, second or third born

(d)

(i) Independent variable: depression

(ii) dependent variable: length of daily exposure to sun

(iii) condition: 15 versus 60 minutes

(e)

(i) Independent variable: agressive behaviour in ado;escents

(ii) Dependent variable: being in room

(iii) Condition: blue walls, green walls or red walls

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