1) Which of the following best describes how many covariates can be included in
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Question
1) Which of the following best describes how many covariates can be included in an ANCOVA?
Only one covariate can be included.
You can include as many covariates as you like.
A good rule of thumb is to include one covariate fewer than the number of levels of the independent variable, or less.
It is a good idea to keep the number of covariates to a minimum.
2. Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction, but we discover that relationship satisfaction is known to be affected by self-esteem. Which of the following variables would be the covariate in this study?
Relationship satisfaction
Conflict style
Self-esteem
Compromising conflict style
3. Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction, but we discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem. Which of the following questions would be appropriate for this analysis?
a) What would the mean relationship satisfaction be if levels of self-esteem were held constant?
What would the mean self-esteem score be for the three groups if their levels of relationship satisfaction were held constant?
Does relationship satisfaction have a significant effect on the relationship between conflict style and self-esteem?
What would the mean relationship satisfaction be for the three conflict style groups, if their levels of self-esteem were held constant?
4. Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction. We discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem, so we conduct an ANCOVA with self-esteem as the covariate. What could be a potential issue with this study?
a) Self-esteem might also be related to conflict style.
b) It is possible that there will be a linear relationship between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction.
c) There could be more than three conflict styles.
d) Self-esteem might also be related to relationship satisfaction.
5. Imagine we wanted to investigate the effects of three different conflict styles (avoiding, compromising and competing) on relationship satisfaction. We discover that relationship satisfaction is known to covary with self-esteem, so we conduct an ANCOVA with self-esteem as the covariate. What could be a potential issue with this study?
Self-esteem might also be related to conflict style.
It is possible that there will be a linear relationship between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction.
There could be more than three conflict styles.
d) Self-esteem might also be related to relationship satisfaction.
6.Which of the designs below would be best suited to ANCOVA?
a) Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. Their levels of stress were measured and compared after 3 months of weekly therapy sessions.
b) Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. Their baseline levels of stress were measured before treatment, and again after 3 months of weekly therapy sessions.
c) Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. The researcher was interested in the relationship between the therapist's ratings of improvement and stress levels over a 3-month treatment period.
d) Participants were allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group based on their baseline levels of stress. The researcher was interested in investigating whether stress after the therapy was successful partialling out their baseline anxiety.
7. Imagine we wanted to compare a group of married couples with a group of non-married couples on levels of relationship satisfaction. After collecting our data, we find that the mean age of our married group (M = 30) was significantly different from the mean age of our non-married group (M = 23). What should we do?
Rerun the experiment, making sure to randomize participants to experimental groups.
Add 'age' into the analysis as a covariate to obtain a purer effect of marital status.
Conclude that the assumption of independence of the covariate and treatment effect has been met.
Run a bootstrapped ANCOVA with 'age' as the covariate.
8. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two stress management therapy groups, or a waiting list control group. Their baseline levels of stress were measured before treatment, and again after 3 months of weekly therapy sessions. The researcher decided to run an ANCOVA on her data. What was the covariate?
Time
b) This is not an appropriate design for ANCOVA.
Treatment group
Baseline stress levels
a)Only one covariate can be included.
b)You can include as many covariates as you like.
c)A good rule of thumb is to include one covariate fewer than the number of levels of the independent variable, or less.
d)It is a good idea to keep the number of covariates to a minimum.
Explanation / Answer
1 Answer) A good rule of thumb is to include one covariate fewer than the number of levels of the independent variable, or less.
2 Answer) Self Esteem
3 Answer)Does relationship satisfaction have a significant effect on the relationship between conflict style and self-esteem?
4 Answer)
It is possible that there will be a linear relationship between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction.
It is possible that there will be a linear relationship between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction.
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