1) Which is NOT characteristic of metabolism during the absorptive state? a) oxi
ID: 46934 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Which is NOT characteristic of metabolism during the absorptive state?
a) oxidation of about 50% of the glucose absorbed from a typical meal
b) conversion of glucose to glycogen in hepatocytes
c) gluconeogenesis using amino acids
d) glucose not picked up by the liver is converted into triglycerides.
e) deamination of absorbed amino acids which entered hepatocytes.
2) In the Krebs cycle, an oxidation-reduction reaction is likely coupled with a substrate-level phosphorylation. True or False?
3) Glycolysis is an example of oxidative phosphorylation. true or false?
4)Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a)In the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium ions are reabsorbed through the apical membrane by the Na+ -glucose symporters and Na+ /H+ antiporters
b) In the loop of Henle, Na+ -K+-2Cl- Symporters reclaim sodium, potassium and chloride from fluid in the tubule lumen.
c)In the distal convoluted tubule, sodium resorption is mainly by osmosis
d) In the collecting duct, principle cells absorb sodium.
5) Which of the following might indicated abnormal kidney function?
a)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min
b)serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter)
c) glucose in the urine
d) creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min and serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter) are both correct
e)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min, serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter), and glucose in the urine are all correct
6) ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure because inhibiting ACE
a) stops the secretion of renin
b) prevents the formation of angiotensin I
c) prevents the formation of angiotensin II
d)increases the secretion of aldosterone
e)prevents norepinephrine from binding alpha 1 receptors on blood vessels
7) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
1. Hydrogen ions are secreted by Na+/H+ antiporters in the proximal tubules.
2. H+ATPases (proton pumps) in the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions.
3. Cl-/HCO3- antiporters help with hydrogen ion reabsorption.
8) Which of the following is mismatched?
a)Sodium ions Level is controlled by aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic.
b) Chloride ions Level is controlled by chloride ion leakage channels and antiporters.
c) Potassium ions Level is controlled by aldosterone.
d) Bicarbonate ions Level is controlled mainly by kidneys.
e) Calcium ions Level is regulated by osmosis.
9) Which of the following statements is correct?
a) In the menstrual phase, follicle stimulating hormone stimulates development of secondary follicles in the ovaries and prostaglandins cause loss of the stratum functionalis.
b)In the preovulatory phase, secondary follicles start to secrete estrogens and inhibin. One becomes a dominant follicle and secretes estrogens and inhibin causing decreased FSH secretion leading to atresia of less developed follicles. In the uterus, the endometrium undergoes repair under the influence of estrogens.
c)In ovulation, release of luteinizing hormone causes release of the secondary oocyte.
d) In the postovulatory phase, progesterone and estrogens are secreted by the corpus luteum promote thickening of the endometrium preparing for implantation. If no pregnancy occurs, progesterone and estrogen levels drop and menstruation occurs.
e) all of these statements are correct
10)The secretory phase of the uterine cycle is associated with
a)increased secretion of progesterone and formation of the corpus albicans.
b)increased secretion of progesterone and formation of the corpus luteum.
c) increased secretion of luteinizing hormone and rupture of the mature follicle.
d)increased secretion of estrogen and maturation of the secondary follicle
e) increased secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and ovulation.
11) Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries IMMEDIATELY enters the
a) glormerulus
b) proximal convulted tubule
c) collecting duct
d) glomerular capsule
e) loop of henle
12)Which correctly associates structure with tissue type?
a)PCT: simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of principle cells and intercalated cells
b)descending limb and thin ascending limb of nephron loop: simple squamous epithelial cells
c) thick ascending limb of nephron loop: simple cuboidal epithelial cells with prominent brush borders of microvilli
d) DCT: simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells
e) collecting duct: stratified cuboidal epithelial cells
13) Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the
a) proximal convoluted tubules.
b) distal convoluted tubules.
c) loop of Henle.
d) glomerular capsule.
e) collecting ducts.
14) Which is NOT True about podocytes?
a) their pedicels form filtration slits
b) they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule
c) they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells
d)all of these choices statements about podocytes are true
15) In the process of forming concentrated urine, symporters in the loop of Henle cause sodium ions and chloride ions to build up in the renal medulla helping to form the osmotic gradient. ADH increases reabsorption of water by principal cells in the collecting ducts.
True or False?
Explanation / Answer
We cannot answer all questions in a single post according to chegg rules. Since it is MCQ, I will answer the first 4.
1. c) gluconeogenesis using amino acids. In the absorptive state, there is no need of synthesis of glucose.
2. True. The formation of GTP is substrate level phosphorylation and citrate is oxidized and NAD is reduced.
3. False. Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur in glycolysis.
4. c)In the distal convoluted tubule, sodium resorption is mainly by osmosis. Sodium is reabsorbed by active transport. via the Na/Cl co transporter.
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