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The following are pre-treatment and post-treatment systolic blood pressure measu

ID: 3359885 • Letter: T

Question

The following are pre-treatment and post-treatment systolic blood pressure measurements from a study sample of 15 individuals. Assume that systolic blood pressure measurements are approximately normally distributed. Post-treatment measurement Person Pre-treatment measurement 95 97 133 143 102 119 119 98 130 149 123 4 130 155 104 118 105 101 109 140 155 131 121 116 12 13 14 116 Construct a 98% confidence interval for D, the population mean difference between pre-treatment and post- treatment systolic blood pressure measurements. Interpret your interval Using a .01 significance level, test the hypothesis that the treatment has no effect on systolic blood pressure Interpret your test result. a) b)

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

First of all we have to find Dbar and Sd required for further calculations. The table for calculations is given as below:

Pre treatment

Post treatment

Di

(Di - DBar)^2

95

99

-4

10.67111111

111

119

-8

0.537777778

97

98

-1

39.27111111

133

130

3

105.4044444

143

149

-6

1.604444444

102

123

-21

188.6044444

119

133

-14

45.33777778

111

109

2

85.87111111

130

140

-10

7.471111111

155

155

0

52.80444444

104

131

-27

389.4044444

118

121

-3

18.20444444

105

116

-11

13.93777778

101

111

-10

7.471111111

117

116

1

68.33777778

From above table, we have

Di = -109

n = 15

df = n – 1 = 15 – 1 = 14

Dbar = Di/n = 109/15 = -7.26667

(Di - DBar)^2 = 1034.9333

Var = (Di - DBar)^2/(n – 1) = 1034.9333/14 = 73.92381

Sd = sqrt(73.92381) = 8.597896

Part a

We have to find 98% confidence interval for µd.

We have

Dbar = -7.26667

Sd = 8.597896

n = 15

df = 15 – 1 = 14

Confidence level = 95%

Critical value = t = 2.6245

Confidence interval = Dbar -/+ t*Sd/sqrt(n)

Confidence interval = -7.26667 -/+ 2.6245*8.597896/sqrt(15)

Confidence interval = -7.26667 -/+ 2.6245*2.219968234

Confidence interval = -7.26667 -/+ 5.8263

Lower limit = -7.26667 - 5.8263 = -13.09

Upper limit = -7.26667 + 5.8263 = -1.44

We are 98% confident that the population mean difference will be lies within -13.09 and -1.44.

Part b

Here, we have to use paired t test.

H0: Treatment has no effect on systolic blood pressure.

Ha: Treatment has significant effect on systolic blood pressure.

H0: µd = 0 versus Ha: µd 0

This is a two tailed test.

We are given

Dbar = -7.26667

Sd = 8.597896

n = 15

df = 15 – 1 = 14

= 0.01

Test statistic formula is given as below:

Test statistic = t = Dbar/[Sd/sqrt(n)]

Test statistic = t = -7.26667/[8.597896/sqrt(15)]

Test statistic = t = -7.2667/2.2200

Test statistic = t = -3.2733

Lower critical value = -2.9768

Upper critical value = 2.9768

P-value = 0.0055

P-value < = 0.01

So, we reject the null hypothesis treatment has no effect on systolic blood pressure.

There is insufficient evidence to conclude that treatment has no effect on systolic blood pressure.

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that treatment has significant effect on systolic blood pressure.

Pre treatment

Post treatment

Di

(Di - DBar)^2

95

99

-4

10.67111111

111

119

-8

0.537777778

97

98

-1

39.27111111

133

130

3

105.4044444

143

149

-6

1.604444444

102

123

-21

188.6044444

119

133

-14

45.33777778

111

109

2

85.87111111

130

140

-10

7.471111111

155

155

0

52.80444444

104

131

-27

389.4044444

118

121

-3

18.20444444

105

116

-11

13.93777778

101

111

-10

7.471111111

117

116

1

68.33777778

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