You are studying whether factory workers\' exposure to industrial smoke contribu
ID: 3359996 • Letter: Y
Question
You are studying whether factory workers' exposure to industrial smoke contributes to the development of lung cancer. You perform a cohort study of people who work in the factory and people who do not work in the factory, and you obtain the following results: Exposure to Industrial Smoke Contracted Lung Cancer Do Not Have Lung Cancer Yes 40 20 No 20 20 a. Calculate the relative risk. b. Does the relative risk you calculated in (a) suggest that those people working in the factory have an increased or a decreased risk of developing lung cancer? Why? c. If you were conducting a community educational program dealing with industrial pollution, how would you use the information you obtained and calculated? d. Name one confounding variable could contribute to generating the statistics in the table? How could you further explore the significance of this confounding variable? e. The information collected for this study was collected by 5 different people. What type of error could result from this situation?
Explanation / Answer
We have data as below for calculation of relative risk:
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Do you have a Lung Cancer? * Exposure to Industrial Smoke
100
100.0%
0
0.0%
100
100.0%
Do you have a Lung Cancer? * Exposure to Industrial Smoke Crosstabulation
Count
Exposure to Industrial Smoke
Total
YES
NO
Do you have a Lung Cancer?
YES
40
20
60
NO
20
20
40
Total
60
40
100
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Upper
Odds Ratio for Do you have a Lung Cancer? (YES / NO)
2.000
.881
4.541
For cohort Exposure to Industrial Smoke = YES
1.333
.932
1.907
For cohort Exposure to Industrial Smoke = NO
.667
.415
1.070
N of Valid Cases
100
(a) suggest that those people working in the factory have an increased or a decreased risk of developing lung cancer? Why?
Risk estimates show that the people who are exposed to Industrial Smoke have 1.33 times more chance to develop disease (Lung cancer)
If we were conducting a community educational program dealing with industrial pollution, we first of all identy the different variables linked to these two variables (Lung cancer and Expose to Industrial smoke). It can also happen that the third variable may be resposible for both the varaibles ( Lung cancer and Expose to Industrial smoke) called cnfounding variable. We will aware people regarding Lung cancer disease and its causal variables.
The information collected for this study was collected by 5 different people. What type of error could result from this situation?
There is a chance of both sampling error as well as non sampling errors.
Data Exposure to Industrial Smoke Yes No Lung cancer Yes 40 20 No 20 20Related Questions
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