Using the principles of operant conditioning, create a plan of how you can use r
ID: 3443818 • Letter: U
Question
Using the principles of operant conditioning, create a plan of how you can use reinforcers or punishers to change your habit. Remember: reinforcers are used to increase a behavior and punishers are used to decrease a behavior. After reading the material in this chapter, which will you use? What kind of schedule of reinforcement will you use? Why? Will you use the concept of shaping as you try to change this habit? You may want to consider using the steps of behavior modification (outlined in your textbook) to help with this assignment.
Your essay should have an introduction stating the habit you will discuss and a conclusion discussing whether you think you will be successful.
Explanation / Answer
Operant conditioning was introduced by BF skinner , who is an american psychologist
.Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reward or punishment.
Principles of operant conditioning .
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
The dog’s behavior is changed . “Positive,” . “Reinforcement” means the behavior increases. When your dog sits, you feed him a treat. His behavior (sitting) made something good happen, something was added (the treat). As a result, your dog is more likely to offer to sit again, so the behavior increases. Positive trainers use positive reinforcement a lot. Example: The dog sits, he gets a treat; dog is more likely to sit again, perhaps faster.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
The dog’s behavior makes something negative to happen. (Positive means something is added, punishment means the behavior decreases.) Example: When your dog jumps on you you knee him hard in the chest. He gets off. His behavior (jumping up) made something bad happen; something was added (your knee in his chest). As a result, your dog is more likely to think twice before jumping on you again. “Positive trainers” do not use positive punishment very much, if at all.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
The dog’s behavior makes something good go away. (Negative = something is taken away; punishment = the behavior decreases.) When your dog jumps up, you turn your back and step away. His behavior (jumping) made something good (your attention) go away. Positive trainers use negative punishment as a mild negative consequence for unwanted behavior.
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
The dog’s behavior makes something bad go away. (Negative means something is taken away; reinforcement increases the behavior.) Example: A trainer wants a dog who is lying down to sit. He pulls the dog’s leash upward, tightening the collar. When the dog sits up, the trainer slacks the leash. The dog’s behavior (sitting) makes the bad thing (the tightened collar) go away. Positive trainers may use a limited amount of negative reinforcement in the form of mild physical pressure, or sub-threshold presentation of an aversive stimulus (CAT).
Positive: Means something is positively changed.
Negative: Means something positive is taken away.
Reinforcement: Behavior is likely to increase or strengthen.
Punishment: Behavior is likely to decrease or extinguish.
conclusion :
Operant conditioning can be applied in several ways in the learning environment. When an instructor has the ability to recognise between what best suits a student , whether in regards to reinforcement, punishment, or other factors They have a path to reach him/her and success in learning skills and ideas. Thus, its application can enhance these environments and students’ knowledge, and is a fantastic tool for education.
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