What are some key milestone of language dvelopment during pregnancy? How do lang

Question

What are some key milestone of language dvelopment during pregnancy?

How do language skills change during early childhood?

What are some sumilarities and differnces between Vygotdky's and Piaget's theories?

How can Piaget's theory be applied to educating childen?

What are some key contribution and criticism of Piaget's theory?

What are five main biological theories of aging?

How doeds the b rain change during infancy?

What characterizes the development of the braing in chioldhood?

How can theory and hypotheses be defined? What are the four step of the scientific method?

Explanation / Answer

Sensory and brain mechanisms for hearing are developed at 30 weeks of gestational age, and the new study shows that unborn babies are listening to their mothers talk during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy and at birth can demonstrate what they’ve heard. As a fetus grows inside a mother's belly, it can hear sounds from the outside world—and can understand them well enough to retain memories of them after birth. Perhaps the most significant one a baby hears in utero is his mother's voice. Around the seventh and eighth month, a fetus's heart rate slows down slightly whenever his mother is speaking, indicating that mom's voice has a calming effect. By the time they're born, babies can actually recognize their mother's voice. A study headed up by cognitive neuroscientist Eino Partanen shows that the baby’s brain not only learns repeated sounds in the womb, but she also recognizes words and their variations. The study indicates that the neural signals for identifying sound, including vowels, are visible as memory traces in the baby at her birth. During early childhood, children's abilities to understand, to process, and to produce language also flourish in an amazing way. Young children experience a language explosion between the ages of 3 and 6. At age 3, their spoken vocabularies consist of roughly 900 words. By age 6, spoken vocabularies expand dramatically to anywhere between 8,000 and 14,000 words. From birth on, children are programmed to develop speech and language. The first five years are most critical but language development continues throughout early childhood and on into adolescence. During the first five years stimulation of language development is important as the brain is both developing new nerve cells as well as multiple connections between nerve cells to serve the function of language both expressive and receptive. In the early stages of language development, the brain is programmed to attend to speech sounds and begin to mimic them. Early on babies like to make sounds up on their own. Later they attempt to repeat sounds/words that they are exposed to from their environment. Children usually say their first words between nine and 18 months old. The most common first words are either “mama” or “dada’. What’s kind of interesting is no matter what language children are raised in, the first words usually reference either mother or father. By the age of 18 months a child usually has a vocabulary of 50 to 150 words. By two they can probably use over 300 words and understand about 1,000 words. By about 18 months children begin to put a couple of words together to form a sentence sometimes referred to as “telegraphic speech” such as “Mommy ball” or “Mommy throw ball”. Around 3 years of age, children begin to use language for all kinds of things. They are not only trying to get things by asking they are talking about past experiences and even beginning to use it to pretend. By preschool (4 ½) they are beginning to understand and use the rules of language to express possession of something, connect thoughts and quantify. There language is becoming more like that of adults. Piaget believe that individuals may not be able to organize their intellectual operations coherently if they were not engaged in thought exchanges and cooperation with others,likewise vygotsky believes higher order thinking and operation occurs because of relations between individuals.The theorists placed considerable emphasis on the origin of various forms of intelligence and on function of consciousness. Piaget places emphasis on modification and transformation as Vygotsky places emphasis on originality.Both theorists also focus mainly on primacy of processes and not the outcomes or manifestations; they also focus on qualitative or transformational changes and not quantitative changes. Another similarity between Piaget and Vygotsky is that they both believed that the boundaries of cognitive growth were instituted by societal influences. And this is where their similarities end. Piaget insisted that whenever kids continuously interact with their environment they will eventually learn, he also mentioned that after series of development learning will take place. Consequently, Vygotsky pointed out that with the help of symbolism and history children will learn plus he stated that before the child’s development learning is already possible. Piaget did not believe in the significance of inputs that can be acquired from the environment but Vygotsky was confident that kids do acknowledge the inputs from their environment. Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that development can’t be detached from social context while children can create knowledge and lead their development. He also claimed that language plays an important role in cognitive development. Piaget only viewed language as a plain milestone in development. Piaget's theory is about child intellectual development and the gaining of knowledge. While Vygotsky's main theory was how culture influence development, through language and the society. Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories have same things in common, both hold a constructive view, Piaget's assimilation look like Vygotsky's appropriation, however they disagree on point of influence of social interactions in children's cognitive development. Due to time constraints,only some questions could be answered,remaining ones can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation

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