Chap 14: Consciousness 1. Contrast overt and covert attention. 2. What is the \"

Question

Chap 14: Consciousness 1. Contrast overt and covert attention. 2. What is the "cocktail party" effect? 3. Describe the results of studies indicating that selective attention is limited. 4. Contrast and provide examples of endogenous and exogenous attention. Explain top-down and bottom-up processes. 5. What do simple reaction time and choice reaction time studies tell us about neural processing? 6. Describe the binding problem and give an example 7. What is the relationship between an EEG recording and the ERP (event-related potential)? 8. Describe an experiment that demonstrates the effects of selective attention on the activity of an individual visual neuron. 9. What is the role of the superior colliculus in attention? 10. What is the effect of damage to the frontal eye field region? 11. Describe hemispatial neglect. Provide an example. 12. Describe Balint's syndrome. 13. Contrast the "easy problem" and the "hard problem" of consciousness. 14. What are the possible effects of damage to the frontal lobe?

Explanation / Answer

1. Overt and covert Atention:

Overt attention: attention to information being looked at (with eye movements). Overt attention is that which is obvious. When a person moves his or her head in the direction of an object, they are paying overt attention to the object.

Covert attention: attention not associated with eye movements. Covert attention is allowing the brain to attend to an object without moving the eyes toward that object.

2. Cocktail Party Effect describes the ability to focus our hearing on one specific thing even though noise is all around there. For psychologists the 'cocktail party effect' is our impressive and under-appreciated ability to tune our attention to just one voice from a multitude.

6. The binding problem is a term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings.

7. Electroencefalograpy (EEG) is the recording of intrinsic electrical activity in the brain, based on the propagation of electric impulses along a nerve fibre when the neuron fires. EEG is typically analyzed in frequency bands that correspond to different mental states.

An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. More formally, it is any stereotyped electrophysiological response to a stimulus. T

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