Write essay on these each questions Discuss the basic tenet\'s of Erikson\'s the

Question

Write essay on these each questions Discuss the basic tenet's of Erikson's theory of lifespan Development Identify the three stages of prenatal development and discuss the following for each: 1. 2. The name of the stage b. a. The weeks of development each stage includes The basic types of physical development occurring during that stage c. 3. Identify and discuss Ainsworth's four types of attachment 4. Identify Baumrind's four parenting styles and discuss the following for each: a. b. c. d. The name of the style Levels of warmth and communication Levels of demand and control Consequences on the child 5. Identify and discuss the differences between kohlberg's three main levels of moral 6. Discuss the evolutionary 7. Identify and discuss the main changes in each sensory category (sight, sound, taste, reasoning. theory's explanations for mate selection, including parental investment theory touch, smell) that occur during late adulthood. Discuss the development understanding of death and how it changes across the lifespan.

Explanation / Answer

1.Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle. Erik Erikson broadened and extended Freudian theory to include the whole life cycle into eight stages of his theory. In determining the outcome of each developmental stage, he brought in the influence of society beyond the family. Each stage is characterized by negotiation of one central issue that is necessary for emotional advancement to the next level. Through the forces of culture, family, individual differences and the changing demands of society makes variation in these stage-locked tasks widely applicable. As we go through life, there is eight phases of development in Erikson's theory that unfold and at each stage, there is a unique developmental task confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved. Erikson also states that this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point marked by both increased vulnerability and enhanced potential. In addition, he proposes that the more successfully a person resolves the crises, the healthier that person's development will be. Erikson's first psychosocial stage is Trust versus mistrust, which is experienced in the first year of life. Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to live. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage. This phase occurs between the age of one to three years in late infancy or toddlerhood. Infants begin to realize that their behavior is their own after gaining trust in their caregivers. They start to assert their sense of independence or autonomy. However they are likely to develop a sense of shame and doubt if they are restrained too much or punished too harshly. Third stage in Erikson's psychosocial theory is Initiative versus guilt that occurs during the preschool years,as preschool children encounter a widening social world, they face new challenges that require active, purposeful, responsible behavior but if the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious, feelings of guilt may arise inside them. Industry versus inferiority is Erikson's fourth developmental level, occurring approximately in the elementary school years. Children in this stage need to direct their energy toward mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. However in this stage also there is possible negative outcome that is the child may develop a sense of inferiority like feeling incompetent and unproductive. The next stage is related to adolescent years and as we know adolescent years full with challenges when we can see teenagers start searching for their identities. There are few problems that individuals encounter during the adolescent years such as who they really are, and where they are going in life. If teenagers explore roles in a healthy manner and arrive at a positive path to follow in life, then they achieve a positive identity; if not, identity confusion reigns. This is what Erikson's fifth theory all about, Identity versus role confusion. Erikson's sixth developmental phase is Intimacy versus isolation, which individuals experience during the early adulthood years. In this stage, individuals face the developmental task of forming intimate relationships. Intimacy will be achieved if young adults form healthy friendships and an intimate relationship with another but isolation will be acquired if it is not. Generativity versus stagnation is Erikson's seventh developmental stage that occurs during middle adulthood. This phase is basically a stage of maturity in which we need to be actively involved in teaching and guiding the younger generation. The feeling of having done nothing to help the next generation is stagnation. Erikson's eight and final stage of development is Integrity versus despair, which individuals experience in late adulthood. During this stage, a person examines and reflects on the past. If we look back with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, believing we have adequately coped with life's victories and failures, then we are said to achieve integrity. In a simple word, integrity involves accepting one's place and one's past. On the other hand, if we review our life with a sense of frustration, angry about missed opportunities and regretful of mistakes that cannot be corrected, then we will feel despair. Some of the strengths in Erikson's work is he along with several other researchers found that his eight stages serve as a guide that holds across time and cultures as well. While other theorists refer to the ongoing approach of development as stages or transitions,Erikson was unafraid to characterize development as visibly marked phases. Besides that, Erikson's eight stages serve as an outline when it comes to defining our culture or even comparing it to a culture that had existed a few centuries ago. Due to time limit,remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for you cooperation

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